小波变换基线扣除对激光诱导等离子体温度计算的改善

温度是激光诱导等离子体特性研究最重要的参数之一,为降低光谱连续背景对Boltzmann平面法计算等离子体温度的精密度的影响,利用小波变换对等离子体光谱进行分解,并采用软阈值法对代表光谱基线的低频信号进行扣除。选择合适的小波分解层数L及阈值系数α能有效提高Boltzmann图的线性相关度,即有更高的拟合系数R2,从而提高等离子体温度的计算精密度。对低合金钢样品417～445 nm波段LIBS光谱采用db4小波函数进行分解、基线扣除和信号重构,选用12条Fe原子谱线建立Boltzmann图,由Boltzmann图拟合直线的斜率计算得到等离子体温度。对L和α系数进行了优化选择,研究发现,采用8层小波分解时Boltzmann图具有较高的R2,而α的选择与时延t_d有关,t_d≤4.0 μs时,α=0.3可获得最佳R2值,之后随t_d的增大,α逐渐减小; 在t_d≥6.5 μs后,α=0,即光谱低频信号被完全扣除,说明基线对光谱特征谱线的干扰随时延的增加逐渐减弱。基线扣除后各时延的等离子体温度降低约2 000～3 000 K,温度随时延的增加逐渐降低,与等离子体膨胀过程中温度逐渐下降的物理过程相吻合,且变化过程中的波动变小。     

用陶瓷坩埚在微波炉中熔化金属的研究

借助碳化硅、氧化锆和增韧莫来石陶瓷坩埚,采用不同微波功率和处理时间,对金属(铝、铜和不锈钢)的熔化行为进行了研究。结果表明:微波熔化金属的升温规律和熔化效果与坩埚种类、微波处理条件、金属种类都具有密切关系。通过比较不同工艺条件下金属熔化特点,对相关试验结果进行了分析。微波熔化金属具有快捷、节能和环保等特点,对金属样品分析、精密铸造和废金属回收等具有实用意义。     

微波辅助合成3,3'-双溴甲基环氧丁烷

以三溴新戊醇(TBNPA)为原料,四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)为催化剂,在微波辅助下通过相转移催化合成了3,3'-双溴甲基环氧丁烷(BBMO),其结构经1H NMR和FT-IR确证。最优反应条件为:TBNPA 0.02 mol,n(TBNPA)∶n(TBAB)为100∶3,氢氧化钠溶液浓度为10 mol·L-1,微波(120 W)辐射反应30 min,BBMO收率89%。     

Fe3O4@SiO2@mTiO2介孔多功能纳米复合颗粒的制备及载药能力

以溶剂热法制备氨基功能化的Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒为磁核,结合溶胶-凝胶法和模板法在其表面先后包覆上致密的SiO_2层和介孔TiO_2层,制备了磁性-发光-微波热转换性-介孔结构为一体的多功能核-壳结构纳米复合颗粒,并对其结构、性能及载药能力进行了研究。XRD分析表明:Fe_3O_4表面包覆上了无定形结构的SiO_2和TiO_2。TEM照片表明:所得的纳米复合颗粒具有明显的核壳结构和完美的球形,构成核的Fe_3O_4颗粒的尺寸在40~50 nm之间,Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@mTiO_2核壳结构纳米复合颗粒的尺寸为60~70 nm,壳层厚度约10 nm,并可观察到壳层中清晰的孔状结构。磁性、荧光光谱和微波热转换特性分析表明:该复合颗粒同时具有良好的发光性、磁性和微波热转换特性。N_2气吸附及药物负载率分析表明,该复合颗粒具有较高的比表面积(640 m~2·g~(-1))和介孔结构(孔径约2.8 nm)并且具有较高的药物负载率。     

低阻抗紧凑型Marx直接驱动高功率微波源北大核心CSCD

研制了一套紧凑型脉冲功率源系统,用于驱动低阻抗磁绝缘线振荡器(MILO)。脉冲功率源采用Marx发生器技术路线,由10级电容和开关组成,单级电容为100nF/100kV电容,开关采用环形轨道气体火花间隙开关,通过紧凑型结构设计,降低系统回路电感,采用电阻作为级间放电的隔离元件,整个Marx发生器系统放置于变压器绝缘油中,以实现高压绝缘。Marx发生器系统充电电压为±50kV,总储能5kJ,在12Ω的水负载上可以获得600kV,50kA的脉冲输出,脉冲上升时间小于100ns。系统尺寸为1.2m×0.5m×0.6m。基于该低阻抗脉冲功率系统,直接驱动低阻抗磁绝缘线振荡器。在二极管电压约450kV,电流约40kA条件下,测得辐射微波功率约400MW,微波脉宽约60ns,微波频率1.23GHz,辐射微波模式为TM01模。     

基于发射光谱的微波等离子化学气相沉积中的电子温度诊断

在气压40～80 Pa和微波功率400～800 W条件下,使用光学发射光谱法(OES)对Ar、CH4等气体产生的等离子体进行电子温度诊断。实验结果表明,OES法测试得到的电子温度介于0.75 eV到4 eV之间。在含碳气体的微波同轴线型等离子体中使用OES方法进行诊断是可行的,这些研究结果可以进一步拓展OES方法在等离子体增强化学气相沉积领域中的应用。     

High-Q microwave photonic filter with self-phase modulation spectrum broadening and third-order dispersion compensation

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme of high-Q microwave photonic filter （MPF） using the techniques of self-phase modulation （SPM） spectrum broadening and third-order dispersion （TOD） compensation. The optical pulses from a mode-locking laser are spectrally broadened by the SPM in the highly nonlinear fiber. A wideband optical frequency comb with 365 spectral lines within 10-dB power variation from the highest spectral power is obtained. By applying a cubic phase modulation via a waveshaper, the effect of TOD which broadens the MPF passband is eliminated. The final implemented MPF has a Q-value as high as 296 and a tuning range of 700 MHz.     

复合结构偏心对同轴波导电磁特性的影响

采用三维电磁仿真软件CST Microwave Studio,数值模拟了内外导体轴线复合结构偏心对同轴波导电磁特性的影响。结果表明:当内外导体的轴线同时存在平行偏心和倾斜偏心时,改变了波导的边界条件,从而导致同轴波导的S21参数和电场幅值实质性下降。随着复合结构偏心程度的加剧,同轴波导的S21参数和电场幅值减小越大。同时,复合结构偏心比平行偏心或倾斜偏心单独存在时对同轴波导电磁性能的影响更大。因此,在同轴波导的实际制作过程中,应尽力避免发生复合结构偏心。     

Three-dimensional simulation method of multipactor in microwave components for high-power space application

Based on the particle-in-cell technology and the secondary electron emission theory, a three-dimensional simulation method for multipactor is presented in this paper. By combining the finite difference time domain method and the panicle tracing method, such an algorithm is self-consistent and accurate since the interaction between electromagnetic fields and particles is properly modeled. In the time domain aspect, the generation of multipactor can be easily visualized, which makes it possible to gain a deeper insight into the physical mechanism of this effect. In addition to the classic secondary electron emission model, the measured practical secondary electron yield is used, which increases the accuracy of the algorithm. In order to validate the method, the impedance transformer and ridge waveguide filter are studied. By analyzing the evolution of the secondaries obtained by our method, multipactor thresholds of these components are estimated, which show good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the most sensitive positions where multipactor occurs are determined from the phase focusing phenomenon, which is very meaningful for multipactor analysis and design.     

Microwave-promoted pure host phase for red emission CaS：Eu2＋ phosphor from single CaSO4 precursor and the photoluminescence property

We report a novel approach to obtaining a classical blue-green excitable CaS：Eu2＋ phosphor with desired red emission by microwave （MW） firing procedure in the absence of adding elemental sulphur. The disturbing effect of MW electro- magnetic field on decomposition of CaSO4 into CaS activated by europium is distinctly observed to give pure host phase without adding any elemental sulphur and carbon. The host phase evolution is observed to be highly dependent on the variation of applied MW power from X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns and the corresponding photoluminescence （PL）, and a maximum PL intensity at 1100 W of MW power is acquired for the obtained purer host phase. The non-thermal and non-equilibrium effects by MW are revealed to correlate with the interaction between polar structure of the host and applied electromagnetic field. The results demonstrate an optional procedure to prepare this red-emitting phosphor in an effective, environment-friendly and scalable approach for phosphor production in the application of bio-illumination for plant cultivation and artificial photosynthesis.