惯性原理及其宇宙起源(上)

 常言说得好,没有规矩,不成方圆。没有基准,也就失去依据。什么是引进物理量和描述物理规律的规矩和基准呢?在力学和物理学中,惯性原理即对于惯性观测者以惯性运动和惯性系为基础的相对性原理,对于力学量和物理量的引进、力学和物理规律的描述,起着十分重要的基准作用。对于与空间、时间,其中物质和运动直接相关的力学量和物理量,以及相应的力学和物理规律而言,至少在引力相互作用可以不考虑的情形中是这样。事实上,惯性原理的这一基准作用,在牛顿力学和狭义相对论中都非常突出。早在我国汉代就有记载:“地恒动而人不知,譬如闭舟而行不觉舟之运也。”     

A Novel Contactless Method for Characterization of Semiconductors：Surface Electron Bean Induced Voltage in Scanning Electron Microscopy

We present a novel contactless and nondestructive method called the surface electron beam induced voltage (SEBIV) method for characterizing semiconductor materials and devices.The SEBIV method is based on the detection of the surface potential induced by electron beams of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The core part of the SEBIV detection set-up is a circular metal detector placed above the sample surface.The capacitance between the circular detector and whole surface of the sample is estimated to be about 0.64pf.It is large enough for the detection of the induced surface potential.The irradiation mode of electron beam (e-beam) influences the signal generation When the e-beam irradiates on the surface of semiconductors continuously,a differential signal is obtained.The real distribution of surface potentials can be obtained when a pulsed e-beam with a fixed frequency is used for irradiation and a lock-in amplifier is employed for detection.The polarity of induced potential depends on the structure of potential barriers and surface states of samples.The contrast of SEBIV images in SEM changes with irradiation time and e-beam intensity.     

核内核子-核子弹性散射截面

通过对标量、矢量介子场引入动量-密度相关的耦合常数,能够同时重现核物质饱和态性质、能量依赖的相对论光学势以及核内核子平均自由程的实验结果.并用这套耦合常数计算了核内核子-核子弹性散射截面,结果表明,在某些能量区域密度依赖很明显而必须加以考虑.     

电子直线加速器束流均方根发射度变化方程

本文导出了考虑外场和束流效应后束流均方根发射度平方变化方程的一般表达式,并就仅考虑外场,仅考虑空间电荷场和仅考虑尾场等三种特殊情况进行了分析。     

相对论类壳模型方法对轻核中的α集团现象的研究

利用相对论类壳模型方法(RMF+SLAP), 研究了包含对关联情况下, 轻核⁸Be, ¹²C, ¹⁶O, ²⁰Ne中的可能出现的α集团效应. 结果很好地再现了轻核的α集团结构. 与没有考虑对关联的情形相比, 对关联可以使原子核基态性质发生改变, 导致不同的α集团结构.     

A Comparison of Different Measures for Dynamical Event Mean Transverse Momentum Fluctuation

Various measures for the dynamical event mean transverse momentum fluctuation are compared with the real dynamical fluctuation using a Monte Carlo model. The variance calculated from the G-moments can reproduce the dynamical variance well, while those obtained by subtraction procedures are approximate measures for not very low multiplicity. Фpt, proposed by Gadzicki M and Mrowczynski S [Z. Phys. C 54 (1992)127], can also serve as an approximate measure after being divided by the square root of mean multiplicity.     

Relativistic Multichannel Treatment of Krypton Spectra across the First Ionization Threshold

The relativistic multichannel theory has been extended to calculate both the eigen quantum defects μα, transformation matrix Uiα, and the eigen dipole matrix elements Dα of krypton. The Rydberg and autoionization spectra of krypton across the first ionization threshold are calculated within the framework of multichannel quantum defect theory. Our calculated spectra are in agreement with the absolute measurement data.     

狭义相对论中的双曲线运动

本文讨论了狭义相对论中的匀加速运动，即所谓双曲线运动．通过加速度变换公式和几个积分运算给出双曲线运动几种典型问题的求解方法，并得出双曲线运动的时空图．作为双曲线运动的具体运用，还讨论了双生子佯谬、匀加速系统中的光频红移两个问题．     

原子核的单粒子共振态

采用基于相对论平均场的耦合常数解析延拓方法研究球形核的单粒子共振态.具体计算了Zr同位素链中巨晕核的核芯核122Zr阈值附近的中子共振态的能量、宽度和波函数,其结果同相应的散射相移法的结果一致. Using analytic continuation in the coupling constant (ACCC) method within the framework of the self-consistent relativistic mean field (RMF) theory, the energies, widths and wave functions for single-particle resonant states close to the continuum threshold are evaluated. Predictions are also compared with corresponding results obtained by the scattering phase shift method.     

Isoscalar Giant Resonances of ^120Sn in the Quasiparticle Relativistic Random Phase Approximation

The quasiparticle relativistic random phase approximationmean field ground state in the response function formalism(QRRPA) is formulated based on the relativistic The pairing correlations are taken into accountin the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer approximation with a constant pairing gap. The numerical calculations are performed in the case of various isoscalar giant resonances of nucleus ^120Sn with parameter set NL3. The calculated results show that the QRRPA approach could satisfactorily reproduce the experimental data of the energies of low-lying states.