建筑结构动力特性动点脉动测试

介绍用无人工激励动点测试（动点脉动测试）方法确定建筑物的自振频率，振型和阻尼。使用这一方法对南京电视塔、多层基础隔振房屋及水塔等进行了动力性能测试，获得了满意的结果。     

结构动力优化设计述评与展望

结构动力优化设计是当前工程结构设计研究领域中的前沿性课题。文中着重从结构动力特性优化、结构动力响应设计、结构动力灵敏度分析和基于可靠性的结构动力优化设计等四个专题方面对结构动力优化设计研究的发展与现状进行了述评,并粗略地展望了结构动力优化研究未来的发展趋势。      

子弹冲击下TiNi固支梁的结构动态响应特性研究

采用改装的霍普金森压杆装置结合数值模拟对伪弹性TiNi合金固支梁的结构动态响应特性进行了研究。结果表明,在子弹冲击下,撞击点和固定端附近首先发生相变,并随着载荷增加,进一步产生相变铰,梁演变为二杆铰接机构。由于轴力作用,此处相变铰为拉伸侧的单边铰。与传统塑性铰不同,卸载后相变铰完全消失,梁回复原状没有残余变形。此外,对固支边界条件的实现及其对实验结果的影响进行了专门研究。     

岩石微观结构CT扫描表征技术研究

岩石微观结构特征研究对非常规油气藏的演化规律、油气赋存状态、运移方式、渗流特征等基础地质问题研究具有重要的科学意义.利用CT 扫描技术对油砂、致密砂岩和页岩样品微观结构表征研究,并对比了常规测试方法与CT扫描表征技术的差异性. 对比CT扫描法和筛分法测试油砂矿物的粒度分布,两者结果十分接近,矿物颗粒大小分布总体趋势上差异小,但小于96μm的颗粒矿物分布差异性稍大.CT扫描结果显示致密砂岩样品的裂缝比较发育,还发育溶蚀孔隙. 由于测试方法和样品大小的差异性,CT扫描获得的孔隙度略大于氦气法孔隙度.微米CT 扫描可以表征页岩的层理发育情况,但无法表征内部的微观孔隙结构.与常规测试方法相比,纳米CT 扫描表征页岩中有机质和黄铁矿的含量等方面准确性好,但孔隙度测试结果偏小.纳米CT分辨率还不能完全满足表征页岩的微观孔隙结构的要求,同时有机质和孔隙的灰度值差异较小,两者区分难度大,因此纳米CT还无法完全准确表征页岩微观孔隙结构.      

线性随机桁架结构的平稳随机响应分析

研究了随机桁架结构的平稳随机响应问题。同时考虑结构的物理参数、几何尺寸的随机性，从结构平稳随机响应在频域上的表达式出发，利用求解随机变量函数矩的方法，导出了随机桁架结构在平稳随机激励下位移响应均方值的均值、均方差和变异系数的计算表达式。通过算例考察了随机荷载激励下结构物理参数、几何尺寸的随机性对结构随机响应的影响。     

悬索大挠度风振响应的有限体积法分析

基于Lagrange原理,建立了一套新的悬索大挠度动力特性和动力响应分析的有限体积法列式,推导了结点力向量、质量矩阵和单元刚度矩阵的显式表达式。该列式的一个显著特点是直接利用工程应变定义结构变形,其物理意义明确,列式简单,适用于各种垂度和荷载情况的悬索大挠度动力分析。实例动力特性和随机风振响应分析表明,该有限体积列式不仅计算效率高,而且具有良好的计算精度。     

A SIMPLIFIED CALCULATING METHOD OF NONLINEAR FREQUENCY OF CABLE NET UNDER MEAN WIND LOAD

The cable net supported glass curtain wallas the most advanced technique in dot point supported glass curtain wall, is widely used in China. Because of its large deflection and high nonlinearity under wind load, the dynamic performance of the cable net is greatly different from that of the conventional linear structures. The continuous membrane theory is used to construct the nonlinear vibration differential equation of the cable net, and the harmonic balance method is used to solve the analytic formula of the nonlinear frequency. In order to verify the accuracy of the above analytic formula, the results of the formula and the nonlinear FEM time-history method are compared and found to be in good agreement. Furthermore, the nonlinear vibration differential equation and the nonlinear frequency obtained in this paper are the basis for the wind-induced response analysis of a cable net under fluctuating wind load.     

竖向不规则结构抗震性能研究现状及其在设计规范中的应用

结构竖向不规则布置是导致结构地震损伤破坏的主要原因之一.介绍了建筑结构沿竖向的强度、刚度和质量不规则布置的定义、不规则的主要内容及其在地震作用下损伤破坏的特点;总结回归了钢筋混凝土竖向不规则结构地震反应需求的研究现状以及国际上典型的结构设计规范中结构竖向不规则条款的限定.针对竖向不规则结构目前的研究现状,提出了今后值得进一步加强研究的方向.      

红外热成像技术测量绝热剪切带温度的综述

绝热剪切是材料在高应变率载荷作用下的热粘塑性本构失稳现象,与材料失效有着密切的关系。采用红外热成像技术测量绝热剪切带内的温度变化,将有助于研究金属材料在高应变率下的力学性能及变形机理。简述了红外热成像技术及其系统组成;着重介绍了近年来采用红外热成像技术测量绝热剪切带温度的研究现状;讨论了采用红外热成像技术测量温度变化的应用需求及系统的设计要求。     

SURFACE STRESS EFFECT IN MECHANICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

This review article summarizes the advances in the surface stress effect in mechanics of nanostructured elements,including nanoparticles,nanowires,nanobeams,and nanofilms,and heterogeneous materials containing nanoscale inhomogeneities.It begins with the fundamental formulations of surface mechanics of solids,including the definition of surface stress as a surface excess quantity,the surface constitutive relations,and the surface equilibrium equations.Then,it depicts some theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanical properties of nanostructured elements,as well as the static and dynamic behaviour of cantilever sensors caused by the surface stress which is influenced by adsorption.Afterwards,the article gives a summary of the analytical elasto-static and dynamic solutions of a single as well as multiple inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix with the interface stress prevailing.The effect of surface elasticity on the diffraction of elastic waves is elucidated.Due to the difficulties in the analytical solution of inhomogeneities of complex shapes and configurations,finite element approaches have been developed for heterogeneous materials with the surface stress.Surface stress and surface energy are inherently related to crack propagation and the stress field in the vicinity of crack tips.The solutions of crack problems taking into account surface stress effects are also included.Predicting the effective elastic and plastic responses of heterogeneous materials while taking into account surface and interface stresses has received much attention.The advances in this topic are inevitably delineated.Mechanics of rough surfaces appears to deserve special attention due to its theoretical and practical implications.Some most recent work is reviewed.Finally,some challenges are pointed out.They include the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of real nanomaterials,experimental measurements and verification of mechanical parameters of complex surfaces,and the effects of the physical and chemical processes on the surface properties,etc.