通过Heck反应合成3-(2-羧基乙基)-1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-2-甲酸

以1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯为起始原料,经5步反应合成了新化合物3-(2-羧基乙基)-1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-2-甲酸,其结构经1H NMR和HR-MS表征。合成中间(E)-1-Ts-3-(3-乙氧基-3-氧代丙基-1-烯基)-1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶-2-羧酸乙酯的最佳反应(Heck)条件为:无水DMF为溶剂,Pd(OAc)2为催化剂,dppf为配体,三乙胺为碱,收率88%。     

2,7-二硝基-9,9-二辛基芴的合成工艺改进

以芴(1)为原料,浓硝酸/浓硫酸为硝化剂,合成了2,7-二硝基-9,9-二辛基芴,其结构经1H NMR和IR确证。最佳反应条件为:1 20 mmol,n(1):n(HNO3)=1:18,c(H2SO4)=15.3 mol.L-1,于10℃反应7 h,收率56%。     

Quasi-classical Trajectory Study of F-I-H20→HF-I-OH Reaction： Influence of Barrier Height,Reactant Rotational Excitation,and Isotopic Substitution

The reaction dynamics of the F＋H20/D20→HF/DF＋OH/OD are investigated on an accurate potential energy surface （PES） using a quasi-classical trajectory method. For both isotopomers, the hydrogen/deuterium abstraction reaction is dominated by a direct rebound mechanism over a very low ＂reactant-like＂ barrier, which leads to a vibrationally hot HF/DF product with an internally cold OH/OD companion. It is shown that the lowered reaction barrier on this PES, as suggested by high-level ab initio calculations, leads to a much better agreement with the experimental reaction cross section, but has little impact on the product state distributions and mode selectivity. Our results further indicate that rotational excitation of the H20 reactant leads to significant enhancement of the reactivity, suggesting a strong coupling with the reaction coordinate.     

极紫外反射镜氧化物保护层的制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

极紫外(EUV)反射镜在使用过程中的氧化及表面碳污染沉积,严重影响了极紫外光刻(EUVL)技术的工业应用。为了延长EUV反射镜的稳定性与使用寿命,一般采取在Mo/Si多层膜表面添加保护层。采用直流反应磁控溅射技术,建立氧气流量与溅射电压之间的"迟滞回线"关系,进而准确掌握不同氧化物保护层所需氧气量,以此减少过多的活性氧对下层Mo/Si多层膜的影响,提高镜面的反射率。选用Ru O2与Ti O2两种保护层材料进行比较,根据充氧量的不同,分析不同反应阶段的薄膜特性。针对催化性和物理稳定性更好的Ti O2薄膜,在晶相、表面粗糙度、截面均匀性和化学组分等方面给予评价。研制出膜质致密均匀的非晶态Ti O2薄膜,其表面粗糙度优于100 pm;Ti O2纯度(质量分数)达97.2%;保护层厚度为2 nm的Mo/Si多层膜的反射率损失小于5%,满足EUV外多层膜的基本要求。     

反应温度对加氢残渣油四组分含量和结构的影响

以沙轻减渣为原料,在高压釜内研究了不同反应温度下加氢反应前后渣油的四组分含量及其结构组成变化。结果表明,加氢残渣油中的饱和分含量明显增加,而芳香分和胶质的含量均降低,四组分含量随反应温度的升高均呈现规律性变化。加氢后四组分的H/C摩尔比和平均相对分子质量均降低,芳碳分率增加。随反应温度升高,四组分的H/C摩尔比和平均相对分子质量降低,烷基碳分率降低;芳香分、胶质和沥青质的芳碳分率增加;胶质和沥青质的总环数和芳环数均降低。渣油加氢过程中四组分都发生了明显的氢解和脱烷基反应。加氢反应中,胶质和沥青质结构单元间的各种桥键可发生明显地断裂,导致其结构单元数减少,且结构单元数随反应温度的升高而减少。     

铜催化C—N,C—O偶联反应的研究进展

C—N,C—O键偶联是有机合成中的一类重要反应,铜催化的偶联反应是该类化学键形成中的主要手段之一,相比钯等过渡金属,金属铜具有低毒、廉价、反应条件温和等优点.按照所形成化合物的结构类型综述了铜催化C—N,C—O键偶联反应的最新研究进展.     

碳-硅复合介孔磺酸催化剂的制备及其在缩醛(酮)反应中的应用

采用浸渍法将糠醇负载在铝改性的SBA-15介孔孔道中,经550℃不完全碳化制备了结构规整、含多苯环的中空管状硅碳复合介孔材料.结果表明,通过温和磺酸化作用可使磺酸基团成功取代在多苯环上,其酸量随着多苯环涂层厚度变化在0.38~0.84 mmol/g范围内可控调变.相比于蔗糖作为糖源的复合固体酸,所制碳多苯环-硅酸催化剂具有中空碳纳米管堆积的类似CMK-5介孔结构,以及较大的反应空间、稳定的机械性能、较高的比表面和大量可以接触的质子酸中心,因而在大分子缩醛(酮)反应中表现了良好的催化性能.     

Explanation of Theoretical Mechanism of Isomerization of L-Alanine Conformation for Experimental Results

B3LYP/6-31＋＋G＊＊ method was applied to investigate the mechanism of alanine isomerization.12 minima and 22 transition states were obtained after optimization and several paths of isomerization were found.It is found that intramolecular single-bond rotation and proton transfer might lead to isomerization.The energy barrier of C–N bond rotation was lower than 2.52 kcal·mol 1,while the energy barrier ranges of the rotation of C–C and C–O were separately 0.43~ 7.01 and 4.69~12.19 kcal·mol 1,and the minimum energy barrier of proton transfer was 30.76 kcal·mol 1.The most probable isomerization path and mechanism for the two most stable conformations was discussed to find that the highest energy barrier to be crossed in this path was 11.87 kcal·mol 1.In order to understand the microscopic nature why only 4 conformations were detected in the experiment,thermodynamic properties of all conformations at the experimental temperature of 391 K was calculated.It is found that conformations XII,XI,X and IX can only unidirectionally convert into conformations rapidly with low energy and vanish immediately.The other conformations were distributed according to Maxwell-Boltzman＇s law,and the distribution probabilities of conformations I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII and VIII were respectively 27.2%,26.5%,25.8%,6.4%,5.2%,4.8%,2.5% and 1.6%.Conformations I,II and III with bigger probability and stronger absorption peak were easy to detect in the experiment.Conformation IV had a relatively smaller probability（6.4%） and weak absorption peak which,however,could also be identified.The other conformations had too small probability to identify in the spectrum.     

Negishi偶联反应的研究进展

对有机锌试剂参与的Negishi偶联反应机理进行了简要概述,并详细综述了Negishi偶联反应的研究进展,主要介绍了Pd、Ni催化剂以及新型Fe、Co催化剂参与的Negishi偶联反应。展望了新型催化剂的发展趋势。     

一种β-取代烯酮的α-溴代方法

α-卤代共轭烯酮是有机合成中的一个重要砌块.从机理上划分,有两类基本反应可用于制备α-卤代共轭烯酮:一类经过Baylis-Hillman类型的Michael加成/α-卤代/β-消除过程;另一类则通过溴单质的亲电加成及随后的溴化氢消除来实现.前一种方法依赖于是否容易形成Baylis-Hillman类型的暂时烯醇负离子,而烯酮β-位置的取代基会阻碍亲核试剂的共轭加成从而抑制上述暂时的烯醇负离子的形成.后一种方法得益于溴单质的强亲电性,可以用于位阻较大的底物,但副反应如非选择性的过度溴代使得该方法的收率不高,在较大量制备中收率的重现性很差.本工作报道了一种以三溴化氢吡啶复合物为溴化试剂的制备α-溴代-β-取代烯酮的方法.该反应适用于较大量制备,所用试剂具有较低腐蚀性和毒性.