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941.
Establishing a reliable method to predict the global mean temperature (Te) is of great importance because CO2 reduction activities require political and global cooperation and significant financial resources. The current climate models all seem to predict that the earth's temperature will continue to increase, mainly based on the assumption that CO2 emissions cannot be lowered significantly in the foreseeable future. Given the earth's multifactor climate system, attributing atmospheric CO2 as the only cause for the observed temperature anomaly is most likely an oversimplification; the presence of water (H2O) in the atmosphere should at least be considered. As such, Te is determined by atmospheric water content controlled by solar activity, along with anthropogenic CO2 activities. It is possible that the anthropogenic CO2 activities can be reduced in the future. Based on temperature measurements and thermodynamic data, a new model for predicting Te has been developed. Using this model, past, current, and future CO2 and H2O data can be analyzed and the associated Te calculated. This new, esoteric approach is more accurate than various other models, but has not been reported in the open literature. According to this model, by 2050, Te may increase to 15.5 ℃ under "business-as-usual" emissions. By applying a reasonable green technology activity scenario, Te may be reduced to approximately 14.2 ℃. To achieve CO2 reductions, the scenario described herein predicts a CO2 reduction potential of 513 gigatons in 30 years. This proposed scenario includes various CO2 reduction activities, carbon capturing technology, mineralization, and bio-char production; the most important CO2 reductions by 2050 are expected to be achieved mainly in the electricity, agriculture, and transportation sectors. Other more aggressive and plausible drawdown scenarios have been analyzed as well, yielding CO2 reduction potentials of 1051 and 1747 gigatons, respectively, in 30 years, but they may reduce global food production. It is emphasized that the causes and predictions of the global warming trend should be regarded as open scientific questions because several details concerning the physical processes associated with global warming remain uncertain. For example, the role of solar activities coupled with Milankovitch cycles are not yet fully understood. In addition, other factors, such as ocean CO2 uptake and volcanic activity, may not be negligible. 相似文献
942.
HUA Guo-Pinga ZHU Xiao-Tongb ZHANG Jin-Pengb XU Jia-Ningb WANG Qianb JI Shun-Junc ZHANG Yongc TU Shu-Jiangb② a 《结构化学》2006,25(5):599-603
1 INTRODUCTION Various quinolone derivatives are known to dis- play interesting biological properties ranging from microbial activity to cytotoxicity[1]. They have been reported as antiviral (HIV-1)[2] and antitumor agents[3] as well as used as tubulin[4], topoisomerase[5] and thrombocyte inhibitors[6]. As a member of the quino- lone family, substituted N-phenyl-2-quinolones re-present the structural basis of many biologically active compounds, such as protein kinase inhibitors, immunodu… 相似文献
943.
屠树江   朱晓彤   房芳   章晓镜   朱松磊   李团结   史达清 王香善   纪顺俊 《中国化学》2005,23(5):596-598
A simple effective synthesis of bis(dihydropyrimidinone-4-yl)benzene derivatives, using boric acid as catalyst,from isophthalic aldehyde or terephthalic aldehyde, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea or thiourea in glacial acetic acid was described. As the expansion of the classical Biginelli reaction, this method has the advantage of excellent yields 83%-94% and short reaction time 0.5-1.5 h. 相似文献
944.
运用三足四齿配体三(2-甲基吡啶)胺(TPA)或三(2-甲基苯丙咪唑)胺(TBA),得到两个双核铁(III)配合物,[Fe2L2(μ2-O)(μ2-p-NH2-C6H4COO)]3+
(L = TPA, 1 和 L = TBA,
2)。两个配合物均为单斜晶系,空间群为P2(1)/c.晶胞参数 1: a =
1.4529(4), b = 1.6622(5), c = 2.0625(6) nm, β= 100.327(5)º,
V = 4.900(3) nm3, z = 4, F(000) = 2344, 分子量Mr = 1142.91, Dc
= 1.549 g/cm3, R1 = 0.0544,
R2 = 0.0962. 2: a = 1.3378(4), b = 2.1174(7), c =
2.4351(7) nm, β= 97.315(6)º, V = 6.842(4) nm3,
z = 4, F (000) = 3116, 分子量Mr = 1505.08, Dc
= 1.444 g/cm3, R1 = 0.0793, R2 = 0.1623. 在两个双核铁(III)配合物中,中心的三价铁和配体TPA或TBA上的四个氮原子和两个氧原子通过不同的桥形成一个畸变的八面体构型。 相似文献
945.
A flexible approach to ethyl (3R,4S)-N-Boc-4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoate (N-Boc-AHPPA-OEt), the γ-amino-β-hydroxy acid moiety of hapalosin is described. The synthetic method features a ring-opening ethanolysis of an activated N-Boc-lactam, which is obtained via a diastereoselective reductive-alkylation of (R)-malimide derivative. The flexibility of the method resides in the introduction of the alkyl side chain by Grignard reagent addition. 相似文献
946.
光纤松耦合型传感器特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文介绍一种实用的光纤传感器,它由二根光纤或多根光纤紧靠一起,并在同一位置除去局部包层,成为松耦合状态,在这种状态下,研究了它的特性和应用。 当耦合间隙中充满某种液体介质时,耦合效率明显增大,因此可以方便地判别该介质是否存在。并且实验证明了一种光纤只能有一种相近于光纤芯子折射率的介质具有最大的灵敏度。当间隙内的介质不变时,耦合功率的大小决定于耦合距离d和耦合长度l,l一旦决定以后,d的调节精度为0.1mm量级,易于在机械结构上实现线性检测。 相似文献
947.
948.
949.
分析了由于化学反应-扩散-热传导耦合而导致的非等温非均匀体系中温度场对称破缺.研究结果表明,在一定的边界条件下,甚至是单组分化学反应-扩散-热传导体系,温度场的这种自组织进程也不可避免.作为温度场结构的一个范例,进一步从解析解及计算机模拟两个方面研究了小展布非等温的Lindeman模型;结果表明,温度场出现时空自组织的阈值不仅与本征参数有关,而且与体系的边界条件及外控约束相关,揭示出了诱发或避免这种温度场时空自组织之途径. 相似文献
950.
使用了不同密度泛函方法计算X-H (X = C, N, O, Si, P, S) 键离解能,并分析不同密度泛函方法的计算精度。研究发现大多数密度泛函方法包括B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91, G96LYP, PBE1PBE,和BH&HLYP都明显低估键离解能13-25 kJ/mol。该现象与是否使用无限基组无关,因为即使使用无限基组键离解能仍然被低估。因此密度泛函方法不适合用于键离解能的估算。其中B3P86方法的偏差最小。进一步分析表明,使用限制性开壳层计算并无任何优势,在大多数情况下非限制性开壳层计算实际上比限制性开壳层计算要好。最后,我们发现了密度泛函方法对键离解能的低估是系统的,因此建议利用校准后的UDFT/6-311++G(d, p)方法计算化学键离解能。 相似文献