通过脱碳控制全球平均温度

Establishing a reliable method to predict the global mean temperature (T_e) is of great importance because CO₂ reduction activities require political and global cooperation and significant financial resources. The current climate models all seem to predict that the earth's temperature will continue to increase, mainly based on the assumption that CO₂ emissions cannot be lowered significantly in the foreseeable future. Given the earth's multifactor climate system, attributing atmospheric CO₂ as the only cause for the observed temperature anomaly is most likely an oversimplification; the presence of water (H₂O) in the atmosphere should at least be considered. As such, T_e is determined by atmospheric water content controlled by solar activity, along with anthropogenic CO₂ activities. It is possible that the anthropogenic CO₂ activities can be reduced in the future. Based on temperature measurements and thermodynamic data, a new model for predicting T_e has been developed. Using this model, past, current, and future CO₂ and H₂O data can be analyzed and the associated T_e calculated. This new, esoteric approach is more accurate than various other models, but has not been reported in the open literature. According to this model, by 2050, T_e may increase to 15.5 ℃ under "business-as-usual" emissions. By applying a reasonable green technology activity scenario, T_e may be reduced to approximately 14.2 ℃. To achieve CO₂ reductions, the scenario described herein predicts a CO₂ reduction potential of 513 gigatons in 30 years. This proposed scenario includes various CO₂ reduction activities, carbon capturing technology, mineralization, and bio-char production; the most important CO₂ reductions by 2050 are expected to be achieved mainly in the electricity, agriculture, and transportation sectors. Other more aggressive and plausible drawdown scenarios have been analyzed as well, yielding CO₂ reduction potentials of 1051 and 1747 gigatons, respectively, in 30 years, but they may reduce global food production. It is emphasized that the causes and predictions of the global warming trend should be regarded as open scientific questions because several details concerning the physical processes associated with global warming remain uncertain. For example, the role of solar activities coupled with Milankovitch cycles are not yet fully understood. In addition, other factors, such as ocean CO₂ uptake and volcanic activity, may not be negligible.     

北京地区大气颗粒物中不同功能区多环芳烃的分布特征

用撞击式分级采样器同步采集了北京市城乡结合部、郊区的2003年四个季节的不同粒径大气颗粒物样品,用气相色谱-质谱分析了其中的多环芳烃。两个功能区的PAHs总质量浓度分布趋势均为：冬季>秋季>春季>夏季；不同环数PAHs在不同粒径颗粒物中的分配比例比较显示，粗颗粒物中2 环或3环PAHs的分配比例比其在高环PAHs的比例要大。     

微波大气吸收衰减特性分析及分层数值算法

 给出了微波在大气中传输受气体分子吸收导致衰减的较精确计算模型，该模型扩展了传统计算模式忽略温度、湿度、压力变化及传播距离受限制的近似算法。结合我国某地区的实测气象数据模拟计算了该地区的大气吸收衰减，最后根据数值计算结果分析了微波随频率、发射角度以及月份（季度）变化的传播特性，并简要说明了此研究在微波遥感中的实际意义。     

大气相干长度的昼夜观测

 介绍了利用差分像运动测量法测量光波到达角起伏方差来确定大气相干长度的方法，阐述了一种能对大气相干长度进行昼夜测量的日夜两用型大气相干长度仪的测量原理与结构,经过长期昼夜观测分析得知: 整层大气湍流强度有随时间变化的趋势，这种趋势与近地面层的湍流强度的时间变化特征基本吻合，即在日出后和日没前两段时间内的相干长度值远大于其它时间段内的值。     

New method to solve electromagnetic parabolic equation

This paper puts forward a new method to solve the electromagnetic parabolic equation （EMPE） by taking the vertically-layered inhomogeneous characteristics of the atmospheric refractive index into account. First, the Fourier transform and the convo- lution theorem are employed, and the second-order partial differential equation, i.e., the EMPE, in the height space is transformed into first-order constant coefficient differential equations in the frequency space. Then, by use of the lower triangular characteristics of the coefficient matrix, the numerical solutions are designed. Through constructing ana- lytical solutions to the EMPE, the feasibility of the new method is validated. Finally, the numerical solutions to the new method are compared with those of the commonly used split-step Fourier algorithm.     

二次解析-冷阱捕集-气相色谱法测定大气中总挥发性有机化合物

挥发性有机化合物(VOC′s)是指室温下易挥发的一类化合物,虽然目前还没有明确的定义,但多数定义都是基于化合物的物理化学性质。总挥发性有机污染物(TVOC′s)即空气中沸点在50℃～260℃之间的有机化合物的总称。挥发性有机化合物浓度虽低,但大多数有毒性、刺激性、致癌性,例如苯会导致白血病,三氯甲烷对肺、肾、血液造成较大的影响,可通过呼吸途径进入人体,对人体健康造成潜在威胁。同时,具有特殊气味的化合物又能导致人体各种不适反应[1-4]。     

不同大气信道对大气激光通信的影响研究

对自由空间光通信技术的基本原理进行了分析,并对该项技术目前所存在的关键问题一自由空间衰减效应做了重点研究,为实现不同天气条件下语音信号的传输进行了初步探索。     

基于光程分布方法校正植物叶绿素荧光的影响

基于全球植被的荧光分布,利用GOSAT数据,同步反演了光子光程概率分布密度函数因子和755 nm处的荧光强度,将反演结果与TCCON站点的结果进行了对比。结果表明:对于受植物叶绿素荧光影响较大的Park Falls(45.9°N,90.3°W)站点附近的GOSAT数据,考虑荧光影响前后的二氧化碳(CO_2)反演结果的最大偏差为1.6×10~(-6);对于受荧光影响稍小的Sodankyla(67.4°N,26.6°E)站点附近的GOSAT数据,最大偏差为0.8×10~(-6),散射校正荧光影响可以使平均误差缩小到0.1×10~(-6)左右。     

基于人工标志识别的透射仪自动准直系统

目前大气透射仪存在发射端和接收端安装调校困难的问题,并且在工作过程中,发射端和接收端一旦发生偏移,光轴不处于一条直线,将大大影响能见度测量结果。针对这些问题,提出将近景摄影测量技术应用到大气透射仪的对准系统中,采用圆形作为人工标志物,通过图像处理及椭圆最小二乘拟合算法,计算人工标志物的圆心坐标,根据标志物的圆心坐标与摄像机镜头的中心坐标的位置关系,将发射端和接收端的摄像机镜头的中心通过旋转结构拉倒图像中心;由于摄像机与光轴是同轴设计,所以摄像机镜头对准就是实现了光轴的对准。实验证明,利用近景摄影测量技术能够实现大气透射仪快速准确对准,并且能够实时监控保证光轴始终保持一条直线。