膜材碰撞接触分析的向量式有限元法

向量式有限元是以向量力学理论为分析基础并基于点值描述来获得结构体系行为的新型分析方法。在简要介绍向量式有限元三角形膜单元基本理论的基础上,针对膜材与刚体、膜材与膜材两类碰撞接触问题,提出了碰撞检测和碰撞响应的处理方法。通过膜材质点与三角形网格面之间的单向碰撞检测方法来处理膜结构的碰撞检测问题;结合罚函数法和中央差分位移式,提出基于中央差分式的罚接触力响应方法,同时赋予罚参数的选取规则,以处理膜结构的碰撞响应问题。在此基础上编制了向量式有限元膜单元的碰撞接触分析程序,并通过算例分析验证了理论推导和编制程序的可靠性和计算稳定性,体现出向量式有限元方法进行膜材碰撞接触分析的优势。     

金属增材制造过程中材料微观组织演化的模拟研究

金属增材制造是集设计、制造一体化的一种新型金属构件制造技术, 在航天航空、交通运输、生物医疗等领域具有广阔的应用前景. 金属增材制造材料的力学性能与其材料微观组织密切相关. 因此, 发展金属增材制造过程中材料微观组织的模拟方法, 有助于指导和优化金属增材制造的工艺参数和流程, 从而制备出性能优异的金属材料. 本文发展了基于连续体假设的热传导模型与元胞自动机相结合的模拟方法, 并利用生死单元方法, 考虑晶粒的重熔和再生长过程, 解决了金属增材制造中多层粉末制造的数值模拟问题. 本文采用该方法模拟了镍基合金IN718、不锈钢316L和高熵合金FeCoCrNiMn的增材制造过程, 并获得了这些增材制造合金的典型材料微观组织, 其模拟结果与实验结果相吻合. 同时, 将该方法拓展到三维尺度的模拟, 研究了镍基合金IN718增材制造过程中三维晶粒的形核和生长. 最后, 对金属增材制造过程中材料微观组织演化的模拟研究中的主要问题进行了总结和展望.      

Existence and Uniqueness of Strong Solution for Shear Thickening Fluids of Second Grade

In this paper we study the equations governing the unsteady motion of an incompressible homogeneous generalized second grade fluid subject to periodic boundary conditions. We establish the existence of global-in-time strong solutions for shear thickening flows in the two and three dimensional case. We also prove uniqueness of such solution without any smallness condition on the initial data or restriction on the material moduli.     

Design consideration and fabrication of 1.2-kV 4H-SiC trenched-and-implanted vertical junction field-effect transistors

We present the design consideration and fabrication of 4H-SiC trenched-and-implanted vertical junction field-effect transistors （TI-VJFETs）. Different design factors, including channel width, channel doping, and mesa height, are con- sidered and evaluated by numerical simulations. Based on the simulation result, normally-on and normally-off devices are fabricated. The fabricated device has a 12 μm thick drift layer with 8 × 10^15 cm^-3 N-type doping and 2.6 μm channel length. The normally-on device shows a 1.2 kV blocking capability with a minimum on-state resistance of 2.33 mΩ.cm2, while the normally-off device shows an on-state resistance of 3.85 mΩ.cm2. Both the on-state and the blocking performances of the device are close to the state-of-the-art values in this voltage range.     

Theoretical and experimental analysis of the effects of the series resistance on luminous efficacy in GaN-based light emitting diodes

In this paper, a new equivalent circuit model of GaN-based light emitting diodes （LEDs） is established. The impact of the series resistance to luminous efficacy is simulated using the MATLAB software. GaN-based LEDs with different n- contact electrode materials （LEDs with Ni/Au and LEDs with Cr/Au） are fabricated. By comparing and analyzing the results of performances, we concluded that both the series resistance and the carrier loss could affect the luminous efficacy severely. LEDs with lower series resistance have higher luminous efficacy and its efficiency droop is alleviated simultaneously. To improve luminous efficacy, the fabrication process should be optimized for lower series resistance.     

Fabrication and electrical properties of axial and radial GaAs nanowire pn junction diode arrays

We report on the fabrications and characterizations of axial and radial Ga As nanowire pn junction diode arrays.The nanowires are grown on n-doped Ga As（111）B substrates using the Au-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid mechanism by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition（MOCVD）. Diethyl–zinc and silane are used as p- and n-type dopant precursors,respectively. Both the axial and radial diodes exhibit diode-like J–V characteristics and have similar performances under forward bias. Under backward bias, the axial diode has a large leakage current, which is attributed to the bending of the pn junction interface induced by two doping mechanisms in Au-catalyzed nanowires. The low leakage current and high rectification ratio make the radial diode more promising in electrical and optoelectronic devices.     

基于近红外光谱技术的紫外光老化落叶松木材表面材色变化的定性和定量研究

自然光中的紫外光在木材表面产生复杂的光化学反应,是木材在自然环境中老化降解速度最快,反应最强的化学过程。基于近红外光谱(NIRs)技术探讨了落叶松表面材色在340 nm波长紫外光照射条件下的老化状况。不同时间(180,540,900,1 080 h)试材弦切面经紫外光人工老化后,测量木材表面材色色度学指数,并采集NIRs信息。由NIRs二阶导数及其差谱图反映的信息,定性分析和讨论了木材表面化学组分基团的变化;定量建立基于偏最小二乘法(PLS)结合留一交叉验证的木材表面材色预测模型。结果表明：(1) 随着人工老化时间延长,木材表面明度值L*降低,红绿指数a*与黄蓝指数b*出现先增加后缓慢降低的趋势,表明发色基团的形成随着紫外光照射时间的延长而减少,在辐射时间540 h达到最大值,此外,色差值ΔE*与紫外光照射时间成正相关。(2) NIRs二阶导数在6 996,6 773以及6 287 cm-1等分别反映木材中纤维素非结晶区、半结晶区和结晶区的光谱吸光度随着老化时间的延长而增加,而5 986 cm-1反映木质素特征性谱带吸收峰随着紫外光老化时间的延长而降低,表明木质素出现降解。通过紫外光照射1 080 h与对照材的差谱分析发现,纤维素和半纤维素基团的特征峰差谱值为正,表明紫外光辐射后木材表面的纤维素和半纤维素相对含量增加,而木质素基团特征峰差谱值为负,表明经紫外光辐射后,木质素的降解导致其相对含量减少。这些结果与色度值测量结果相一致。(3) 基于NIRs建立的紫外光照射落叶松表面材色预测模型中,L*交叉验证模型决定系数(R2)为0.949,相对分析误差(RPD)为4.42;a*交叉验证模型R2是0.928,RPD是3.73;b*的交叉验证模型R2是0.831,RPD为2.43,建立的材色预测模型满足预测要求。     

有非更新寿命和成批加工的CIMS的可靠性研究

本文研究了具有非更新寿命和成批加工的CIMS生产线的可靠性问题.首先证明了在系统平稳状态下工作站的广义加工过程是万有马氏过程,然后利用准生灭过程理论,给出了系统稳态时运行指标的精确显式解.从而这使得CIMS生产线中工作站的寿命假定推进到了一类非更新的相型寿命上.     

面向21世纪的制造系统──中国制造业面临的机遇和挑战

重点介绍了几种较有代表性的先进制造技术，分析了它们的共同特点，结合中国制造业，尤其是中小制造企业的特点，指出中国制造业面临的机遇和挑战，探讨了应付挑战的对策和措施。     

丙三醇浓溶液玻璃化转变与结构松弛参数DSC分析

利用差示扫描量热仪研究了5种高浓度丙三醇水溶液(60%、70%、80%、90%、100%)的玻璃化转变行为,以考察水分含量和升降温速率对其玻璃化转变行为和结构松弛参数的影响.采用4种线性升降温速率(10、15、20、25K/min)获得玻璃化转变的相关参数.利用GordonTaylor方程对玻璃化转变温度的分析结果表明,水对丙三醇增塑常数的计算结果与升降温速率和玻璃化转变温度的读取方法有很大关系.玻璃化转变过程的比热容变化不仅随水分含量的增加而增加,而且与升降温速率也有一定的依赖关系.结构松弛活化能的计算结果表明,随体系水分含量的增加,体系的结构松弛活化能和动力学脆度都逐渐降低.随水分含量的变化,热力学脆度和动力学脆度表现出相反的变化趋势.