A class of weighted estimators for additive hazards model in case-cohort studies

Case-cohort sampling is a commonly used and efficient method for studying large cohorts. In many situations, some covariates are easily measured on all cohort subjects, and surrogate measurements of the expensive covariates also may be observed. In this paper, to make full use of the covariate data collected outside the case-cohort sample, we propose＇a class of weighted estimators with general time-varying weights for the additive hazards model, and the estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. We also identify the estimator within this class that maximizes efficiency, and simulation studies show that the efficiency gains of the proposed estimator over the existing ones can be substantial in practical situations. A real example is provided.     

常用的转化方法和途径

在解数学问题时,要不断改变解题方向,从不同角度、不同的侧面去探讨问题的解法,寻求最佳方法.实际上,一切解数学问题的思想方法都可以归结到＂转化＂这一总策略上来,只是转化的方法和途径各有不同,要具体问题具体对待.下面通过一些例子介绍高中数学解题中常用的几种转化方法和途径,希望能对同学们有所启发.     

基于剪枝信任度传播的手写体目标形状匹配方法

手写体识别中,目标形状的匹配是较为重要的工作.为了提高手写体目标形状的匹配速度,提出一种新的匹配方法.由于手写体目标形状的几何先验知识已知,并可以采用少量的参数进行表示,新方法采用参数化可变形模板匹配目标形状,确定其后验概率模型,并定义剪枝信任度空间,依据信任度传播算法的特性,首次将剪枝信任度传播算法应用于求解可变形模板与目标形状之间的最佳匹配.实验结果显示,在灰度图像中,对手写体目标形状的轮廓检测与定位速度显著提高.提出将剪枝信任度传播方法应用于手写体目标形状的匹配工作,能够使得目标形状填补空白,应用于相关性较为稀疏的图模型中.     

一种改进的模糊阈值选取方法

提出了一种改进的模糊阈值选取方法。针对传统的模糊阈值法隶属函数窗宽不容易确定的出发点，结合传统的易于实现的阈值选取方法，巧妙的绕过了确定窗宽的问题，能够结合模糊阈值法和该传统阈值法各自所能达到的优点，并且方法非常简单，明了。实践证明，这种方法是行之有效的，并具有较强的场景适应能力。     

分割图像插值的一种局部算法

对于医学序列切片，图像上像素之间的间隔常常小于切片之间的距离，而在图像处理中，常常需要它们有一致的分辨率。对于已分割的切片图像，插入的切片图像也应是分割的图像。本文提出了一种图像插值的局部算法，该算法在产生新插入图像每点的分割信息与颜色信息时，计算只与相邻切片图像的局部像素值有关。因此既保持了相邻切片的物体形态过渡自然，又具有良好的数值稳定性。应用该算法于医学序列切片进行插值时，可达到良好的视觉效果。算法已成功应用于医学数据的三维重建系统。     

图像条件的相遇和相距问题

图像条件的相遇和相距问题在近年来的中考中屡见不鲜,这类问题的最大特点是以两个物件的运动为背景,将距离(或路程)和时间之间的函数关系在同一坐标系中描述出来,解答它们,应认真读题,确定两个物体分别所对应的图像,并把其中一些特殊点的横坐标和纵     

基于梯度的数字体图像相关方法测量物体内部变形

数字体图像相关方法通过分析两幅以体素为单位的三维体图像获得物体内部的三维变形信息.在利用数字体图像相关方法测量物体内部变形的过程中,整体素的位移场可以通过简单的空域搜索获得,因此如何计算亚体素位移是提高该方法位移测量精度的关键.介绍了一种基于空间灰度梯度的亚体素位移测量算法,并用计算机模拟生成的可精确控制位移的三维散斑...     

Sea trial researches on the measurements of passive source space distribution imaging and positioning

The technology of source space distribution imaging measurement is a passive object positioning method with high precision in the near field, which also can get the distribution image of ship＇s radiated noise sources and locate the ghts of the target. The sea trials have been carried out, and the results validate the feasibility and practicability of this tech-nology. The researches indicate that the measurement precision can be achieved at the meter level within the range of 200 m using the uniform linear array which has the length of 45 m and 10 elements, and the method shows good robustness. The results also provide that the general ship can be simplified as single highlight model at 2-10 kHz in the near field and the catamaran is double highlights while its two propellers are working at the same time.