主动除霾"驻波窗"的设计与实现

主动式除霾"驻波窗"是随着输入的频率来调节进入空气的流量,从而形成了一扇变动的"纱窗"。主要利用了驻波的原理,巧妙地实现了主动除霾的功能,并根据通电线圈在磁场中受力转动的原理制成了振动源。最后利用一个测量PM2.5的仪器对"驻波窗"除霾能力进行了定量的分析,获得了有效的数据,证明了"驻波窗"能有效除霾的功效。主动式除霾"驻波窗"实现方法巧妙,成本低廉,低噪声,适合在实际生活中推广。     

单层和双层二硫化钼化学气相沉积生长的动力学蒙特卡罗模拟研究

Controllable synthesis of MoS₂ with desired number of layers via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) remains challenging. Hence, it is highly desirable to develop a theoretical model that can be used to predict the single- and multilayer growth of MoS₂ quantitatively, and provide guidelines for experimental fabrication. Herein we have established a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) model to predict the CVD growth of mono- and bilayer MoS₂. First, we proposed that the growth rates of layer 1 and layer 2 were governed by the distribution of the adatom concentration, and the growth kinetics of compact triangular MoS₂ followed the kink nucleation-propagation mechanism. The adatom concentration was formulated in terms of adatom flux, effective lifetime of adatoms, growth temperature, binding energies, edge energies, and nucleation criterion. The kink nucleation and propagation were determined by energy barriers of the adatom attachments to the zigzag and armchair edges. We then employed an analytic thermodynamic criterion to extract these parameters. Using the calibrated model, we found that the growth rate of layer 2 strongly depended on the size of layer 1 and decreased monotonically with increasing size of layer 1, and might even become prohibited at the maximum size of layer 1. Furthermore, we analyzed the size and morphology evolutions of bilayer MoS₂ at different growth temperatures and adatom fluxes. Throughout the growth processes of bilayer MoS₂, the morphologies of layers 1 and 2 maintained triangular shapes with compact edges, consistent with the kink nucleation-propagation growth mechanism. Our simulations revealed that the growth of bilayer MoS₂ was promoted by increasing the growth temperature or decreasing the adatom flux, which corroborated the experimental observations. The increase in growth temperature led to reduced adatom concentration at the edge of layer 2 in accordance with the adatom concentration far from the edge of layer 2, resulting in a consistent difference in the adatom concentration to promote the growth of bilayer MoS₂. Similarly, the decrease in adatom flux lowered the difference between the adatom concentrations far from the edge and at the edge of layer 1, decelerating the growth of layer 1. The decelerated growth of layer 1 reduced the difference between the adatom concentrations far from the edge and at the edge of layer 2 to zero, permitting the growth of bilayer MoS₂. To guide the experimental synthesis, we constructed a phase diagram to delineate the permitted or prohibited growth of bilayer MoS₂ at different growth temperatures and adatom fluxes. Hence, this work not only unveils the conditions for the growth of mono- and bi-layer MoS₂, but also provides guidelines for controllable synthesis of MoS₂ with the desired number of layers.     

基于双层博弈模型的民用航空产业链研究

本文针对民用航空市场中的大飞机制造商及航空发动机制造商建立双层博弈模型。在上层模型中,大飞机制造商以市场利润为目标决定其产量及对各发动机供应商的采购量;在下层模型中,航空发动机供应商通过求解一个优化问题决定其自身产量。在求解过程中,将下层优化问题转化为KKT条件,并作为上层优化问题的约束条件,使用分布式迭代算法(Distributed iterative algorithm),进行编程求解。本文通过求解波音-空客双寡头格局下的市场均衡对模型的有效性进行验证,并进一步分析国产大飞机C919量产后市场均衡的变化。     

工业园区配售电公司分时电价双层优化模型

随着增量配电网业务的放开,配售电公司在激烈的竞争中通过峰谷分时电价套餐吸引电力用户成为其运营的重要方式,而电价套餐各参与方利益的合理分配是配售电公司顺利推进此项服务的关键.考虑增量配电工业园区内配售电公司拥有配电业务的特殊性以及大工业用户调整生产的不适应成本,首先构建了工业用户与配售电公司的成本收益模型;并在此基础上提出了工业园区配售电公司峰谷分时电价双层优化模型,上层优化模型以配售电公司收益最大化为目标、下层优化模型以大工业用户用电成本最小化为目标;最后对某一试点园区数据进行仿真测算,结果表明,由该模型得到的分时电价套餐在起到削峰填谷效果的同时,能够保证配售电公司和工业用户的利益,有利于引导双方参与峰谷分时电价套餐的积极性.     

Physical Properties of Novel Lead-Bismuthate Glasses with Large Transmitting Windows

Novel lead-bismuthate glasses with low OH concentration have been obtained in the Bi2O3-PbO-SrO system. The role of the different components in the glass formation has been explored from the density, refractive index measurements, indicating that the physical properties are mainly agected by Bi2O3 and PbO contents. The densities and refractive indices of these glasses are in the ranges of 7.639-7.699 g/cm^3 and 2.47-2.94, respectively. A wide transmitting window from visible to infrared (IR) regions and good thermal stability for some compositions of these g/asses have been observed, which make them appealing candidates for different optical applications suc has upconverting phosphors, new laser materials, optical waveguides and crystal-free fibre drawing.     

基于脉间频率步进信号的高频地波雷达回波信号处理

针对高频地波雷达探测海面低速移动目标的要求，研究了脉间频率步进高频雷达接收系统的结构，给出了回波信号的采集方式，推导出了相应的数学解析式；分析了利用滑动时间窗方法和二次FFT算法提取目标信息的原理，给出了获得目标的距离谱和速度多普勒谱的方法。模拟结果表明，该信号采集方式和处理方法能够保证系统要求的距离和速度分辨率，提高回波的信噪比，并能准确获得目标的距离和速度信息。研究结果为脉间频率步进高频雷达的设计提供了依据。     

水窗波段同轴X射线全息成像及其数字重现

水窗波段同轴Ｘ射线全息成像及其数字重现张玉火亘蒋诗平付绍军张新夷（中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室，合肥２３００２９）陈建文徐至展陈敏（中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海２０１８００）水窗波段软Ｘ射线对生物样品成像时，不需要电子显微镜观察时那样...     

V^20＋电子碰撞激发截面

采用ＣｏｕｌｏｍｂＢｏｒｎ交换近似，在修改了有效核电荷的Ｚ标度类氢模型下，计算了‘水窗’波段Ｖ２０＋离子精细结构能级间的电子碰撞激发截面     

s-BLM修饰电极对组胺电化学传感行为的研究

研究了以抗组胺剂修饰的固体支撑双层类脂膜 (s BLM)分子器件体系对组胺的电化学传感行为 .结果表明 ,在s BLM膜中镶嵌抗组胺剂 ,体系对组胺的电化学响应强烈 ,并随着组胺浓度的增加而加大 ,这主要是由于组胺与抗组胺剂的特异性对抗效应引起的 .在接近通常的生理条件下 (pH =7.5 ) ,响应电流与组胺的浓度在 3.0～ 6 0 .0 μg/L呈良好的线性关系 ,相关系数为 0 .9878,表现出较高的灵敏度、选择性及良好的稳定性 .该体系可以在 - 2 0 0mV下用伏安法检测组胺的浓度 ,获得高稳定性和低检出限量的电化学生物传感器     

X射线激光与物理学对高新技术发展的决定性作用

物理学是现代高新技术的基础．最近基础科学研究的几个新热点可能是：量子点、原子激光、态的叠加和加密与混沌．作为应用基础研究的Ｘ射线激光，它的理论基础是爱因斯坦的自发辐射和受激辐射理论．文章回顾了自１９８４年在实验室演示成功以来Ｘ射线激光研究的多方面进展和对相关的高新科学技术的推动．