锂离子电池杂论

首先论述了锂离子电池的大好形势，难得的机遇和面临的挑战。 欧盟相继出台了两项与化学品相关的法令，加之原材料上涨、我国出口退税政策调整，锂电池市场出现新的机遇。面对能源短缺和环保的严峻形势，对动力电池和储能电池的呼声日益高涨。     

离子液体介导CO2化学转化研究进展

The efficient utilization of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a C1 feedstock is of great significance for green and sustainable development. Therefore, the efficient chemical conversion of CO₂ into value-added products has recently attracted a lot of research attention in recent years. The transformation of CO₂ generally requires high-energy substrates, specific catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions due to its high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Consequently, several efforts have been dedicated toward the development of high-performance catalysts and new reaction routes for CO₂ conversion over the last few decades. To date, many routes of convert CO₂ into value-added chemicals have been proposed, together with the development of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Among the advanced catalysts reported to date, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely investigated and show great potential for the efficient, selective, and economical conversion of CO₂ into highly valuable products under mild conditions, even under ambient conditions. Some task-specific ILs have been designed with unique functional groups (e.g., —OH, —SO₃H, —NH₂, —COOH, and —C≡N), which can act as the solvent, absorbent, activating agent, catalyst, or cocatalyst to realize the transformation of CO₂ under metal-free and mild conditions. In addition, a variety of catalytic systems composed of ILs and metal catalysts have also been reported for the transformation of CO₂, in which the combination of the IL and metal catalyst is responsible for CO₂ conversion with high efficiency. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances in IL-mediated CO₂ transformation into chemicals prepared via C—O, C—N, C—S, C—H, and C—C bond forming processes. ILs that can chemically capture CO₂ with high capacity are first introduced, which can activate CO₂ via the formation of IL-based carbonates or carbamates, thus realizing the transformation of CO₂ under metal-free and mild conditions. Recent progress in IL-mediated CO₂ transformations to form carbonates and various kinds of N- and S-containing compounds (e.g., oxazolidinones, ureas, benzimidazolones, formamides, methylamines, benzothiazoles, and other chemicals) as well as CO₂ hydrogenation to give formic acid, methane, acetic acid, low-carbon alcohols, and hydrocarbons has been summarized in this review with a focus on the reaction routes, catalytic systems, and reaction mechanism. In these reactions, ILs can simultaneously activate the substrate via strong H-bonding in addition to activating CO₂, and the cooperative effects among the ionic and molecular species and metal catalysts accomplish the reactions of CO₂ with various kinds of substrates to afford a wide range of value-added chemicals. Finally, the shortcomings and perspectives of ILs are discussed. In short, IL-mediated CO₂ transformations provide green and effective routes for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, which may have great potential for a wide range of applications.     

精细化学品化学课程素材库的构建与应用

针对学生对精细化学品化学课程学习兴趣不足以及应用意识和能力欠缺的问题,提出了构建和合理运用精细化学品化学课程素材库的解决方法,分别介绍了精细化学品史料素材库、多媒体素材库、实例试题库建立的意义及方法.     

欧盟可能限制使用全氟辛酸及相关物质

<正>德国与挪威合作,计划于2014年10月17日就全氟辛酸提交一份文件,称为《附件XV限制资料文件》。该份文件根据《化学品注册、评估、授权和限制法规》(REACH法规)附件XV内的相关资料规定汇编而成。2014年3月5日,欧洲化学品管理局(ECHA)宣布,德国与挪威政府已展开一项资料收集工作,以确定全氟辛酸及     

LDI学生成绩评价方法的构建——以精细化学品化学课程为例

根据我院化工专业精细化学品化学课程改革的实际，围绕以评促学、以评助教，构建了LDI学生课程成绩评价方法。该方法以教师和学生为评价主体，从3个环节（理论学习、课内实验、创新实践）、4个维度（课前自学、课堂学习、课内实验与创新实践、期末考试）入手，将评价内容分为多个项目来引导学生学习、实践，并全面考核学生的知识与能力。该法不仅能提高学生学习的主动性，还能潜移默化地培养学生的创新意识和团队精神。     

毒品与化学*

毒品与化学的种种纠葛在2018年中国毒品形势报告中得到了淋漓尽致的体现,因此为做好禁毒工作,必须厘清化学与毒品的关系。从为什么毒品是化学品(毒品的本质),毒品检验和识别,毒品成瘾的本质,由传统毒品到新型毒品的转变等4个方面系统阐述毒品与化学的关系。     

薄膜基荧光传感检测的研究进展

薄膜基荧光传感器是继离子迁移谱之后,业界公认的一种最具发展潜力的微痕量物质探测技术.由于其具有灵敏性、便携性、实时检测、响应速度快、易于制造、不污染待测体系等优点,在食品检测、环境监测、质量控制和生物医学分析等领域引起了广泛的关注和研究.本文主要综述了近年来薄膜基荧光传感在挥发性气体检测、有毒化学品检测、爆炸物检测、溶液相离子检测以及生物监测等领域的研究进展,并提出了薄膜基荧光传感所面临的挑战与未来的发展方向.     

前言:C-H键催化活化专刊

化学科学与工程对人类社会所担负的责任是提供人类所需要的能源和化学品.迄今为止, 人类的主要能源仍然是含碳能源.以碳和氢为基础结构组成了万千变化的有机化合物.能源体系的多样化所基于的要素可以说就是碳氢键的构建、活化和转化.新能源的发展并不可能也不需要完全摒弃含碳能源,而是与现有的能源体系融合形成符合绿色生态需求的新的复合...     

农作物秸秆解聚研究

农作物秸秆是重要的生物质资源。本文从我国建立资源节约和环境友好社会目标的角度,论述了农作物秸秆高效利用的重要性和研究农作物秸秆解聚对开发农作物秸秆高效利用的新工艺的重要意义。介绍了农作物秸秆解聚的典型工艺及解聚产物组成分析和利用研究的进展,预测了农作物秸秆解聚研究的发展方向。     

现场侦检装备在应对化学威胁中的应用与发展

近年来,国内外不断发生的化学恐怖袭击和化学事故仍然是当今人类生存、国家安全所面临的重大威胁。化学侦检是防化应急处置与救援的眼睛,熟练掌握和正确使用侦检装备是应对化学威胁、降低损失和伤亡的关键因素。基于化学传感等技术的侦检装备具有响应快速、智能便携的特点,并且在远程监测和实时值守等方面具有优势。该文针对涵盖电化学传感器、质量敏感型传感器、红外传感器、拉曼传感器、离子迁移谱仪、火焰光度检测器、光致电离检测器、远程遥测传感装备等在内的现场侦检装备,从原理、性能、优势和不足等方面进行了概述,重点阐述了侦检装备在应对化学威胁方面的最新进展,并对其发展趋势、应用前景进行了展望,以期为化学侦检装备在应对化学威胁中的深入研究与应用提供参考。