求解特征值问题的广义最小二乘法

本文研究线性特征值问题Aφ-λBφ=0,其中A、B为线性对称运算子且B正定,提出了能够求得特征近似值,同时求得其上下限的广义最小二乘法,证明了特征值上下限定理,导出了特征值的第一上限、第一下限、第二上限、第二下限。本文方法可以求解微分方程的特征值及微分方程组的特征值、矩阵特征值等问题,后两类问题的两个算例结果精度很高。     

激光散斑法对预制缺口岩石的缝端微裂区变形过程研究

本文应用激光散斑法对预制缺口岩石的缝端微裂区进行了无接触位移测量,求得加裁点位移 d 和缝端张开位移η.通过对主裂缝的跟踪量测,表明该试件的裂缝在失稳前存在着亚临界扩展.在此阶段,预制裂缝缝端主裂缝的形式推测主要是类似“啮合”裂缝及部分张开裂缝,当缝端张开位移达到临界值时,荷载稍增,裂缝即快速扩展,以致发生断裂.     

关于正交矩阵的一种求法

我们知道,实对称阵A的属于不同特征根的特征向量彼此正交,所以,求正交矩阵T,使得T~(-1)AT具有对角形式的关键是对A的属于某一重根λ的特征向量正交化,所用到的是我们熟知的Schmidt正交化法。在此,笔者给出一     

寻找异面直线所成角的着眼点

异面直线所成角的问题,是空间“三大角”问题之一,历来是考试的重点内容。异面直线所成角的大小是用过空间一点分别引它们的平行线所成的锐角(或直角)来定义的,准确地定位角的顶点,平移直线构造三角形是解题的关键。下面通过举例谈谈寻找异面直线所成角的几种方法,请大家重点体会寻找异面直线所成角的几个着眼点。     

Damage and fracture evaluation of granular composite materials by digital image correlation method

This paper presents the applications of digital image correlation technique to the mesoscopic damage and fracture study of some granular based composite materials including steelfiber reinforced concrete, sandstone and crystal-polymer composite. The deformation fields of the composite materials resulted from stress localization were obtained by the correlation computation of the surface images with loading steps and thus the related damage prediction and fracture parameters were evaluated. The correlation searching could be performed either directly based on the gray levels of the digital images or from the wavelet transform (WT) coefficients of the transform spectrum. The latter was developed by the authors and showed higher resolution and sensitivity to the singularity detection. Because the displacement components came from the rough surfaces of the composite materials without any coats of gratings or fringes of optical interferometry, both surface profiles and the deformation fields of the composites were visualized which was helpful to compare each other to analyze the damage of those heterogeneous materials. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10125211 and 10072002), the Scientific Committee of Yunnan Province for the Program of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, and the Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP at Mianyang     

低速二维流动的粒子仿真研究

本文运用信息保存法对低速二维的流动现象进行模拟，考察了低速条件下的有限平板绕流以及微槽道气体流动问题。研究表明：在对低速流动的模拟过程中，运用IP法在能够获得较好的结果的同时，具有比DSMC方法更高的计算效率。     

初中数学竞赛求值题常用的解法（续）

十二、从整体考虑直奔终点法在解题过程,往往有些步骤和环节并不是非有不可的,这些可称为“作必求成份”.解題时若能眼观全局,明确目的,从整体考虑,直奔终点.巧妙地避开“非必求成份”,就能省时省力,获得巧解. 例12.有甲、乙、丙三种货物,若购甲3件,乙7件,丙1件共需315元.若购甲4件,乙10件.丙1件共需420元.现购甲、乙、丙各一件共需多少元?(85年全国初中数学联赛题)