沸石载体结构对甲烷无氧芳构化性能的影响

考察了担载MoO₃的沸石催化剂上甲烷的无氧芳构化性能,并与沸石结构相关联.结果表明,孔径与苯分子动态直径相当的ZSM-5、ZSM-8、ZSM-11和β沸石等是甲烷无氧芳构化催化剂的良好载体,其中3%MoO₃/HZSM-11具有最高的甲烷芳构化活性和稳定性,973K下的转化率和苯选择性分别为8.0%和90.9%;6%MoO₃/HZSM-8与7%MoO₃/H-β芳构化性能相当.以HMCM-41和HSAPO-34为载体时芳构化活性很低,以HMOR、HX和HY为载体时仅有少量乙烯生成,而以HSAPO-5和HSAPO-11为载体时未检测到烃类生成.     

脉冲电晕等离子体下甲烷偶联反应研究(Ⅲ)──金属氧化物的多相催化作用

考察了常温常压脉冲电晕等离子体作用下金属氧化物对甲烷脱氢偶联反应的催化作用,观察到不同催化剂在脉冲电晕等离子体作用下的催化活性差别很大,且对C₂产物的分布具有一定的调变作用.γ-MN₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的C₂烃收率较空白载体提高了近2倍,C₂烃选择性提高30%以上,该催化剂与脉冲电晕等离子体的结合可使其能量效率提高2倍以上.提出了一种等离子体催化作用促进甲烷脱氢偶联反应的初步模型.     

羧基化单层碳纳米管修饰电极的电化学表征及其电催化作用

碳纳米管自 1 991年被发现 [1] 以来 ,因其独特的力学、电子特性及化学稳定性 ,成为世界范围内的研究热点之一 .它可以认为是将石墨层折叠成碳圆柱体的结果 ,分为多层碳纳米管 ( MWNT)和单层碳纳米管 ( SWNT) .依据其原子结构不同 ,碳纳米管将表现为金属或半导体 ,这种独特的电子特性使它有望成为新型分子器件 .因此 ,研究这种新型碳结构的电极特性具有十分重要的意义 .MWNT与溴仿等混合后装在玻璃毛细管内制成微电极 ,可用于探测生物电化学反应 ,结果明显优于其它碳电极 [2 ,3] .对 SWNT的电化学行为研究得较少 .目前仅有一篇有关 S…     

钼酸盐对卷烟燃烧氧化反应的催化作用

用自吸烟机、气相色谱，高效液相色谱和电子自旋波谱分别检测钼酸盐处理的卷烟和对照卷烟的燃烧速度，烟气焦油量，焦油中BaP和自由基的浓度，用差热分析和热失重分析探讨反应机理，结果表明，钼酸盐添加剂对降低卷烟燃烧反应的活化能，提高卷烟的燃烧速度，降低烟气焦油量，焦油中BaP和自由基有较高的活性。     

聚氯乙烯多乙烯多胺树脂的相转移催化作用

聚氯乙烯多乙烯多胺树脂可作为酯水解、氧取代(醚和酯的合成)、卤素取代(丁基碘和硫氰酸卞酯的合成)和缩合反应(卞叉丙酮的合成)的催化剂,效果良好。它是一种新型的高分子相转移催化剂。     

WC-Co硬质合金稀土-硼共渗的高温动态相分析

用高温X射线衍射装置对以B4C为供硼剂、以Y2O3为催WC－20Co硬质合金渗硼表面进行了从室温到1300℃连续升温渗硼过程的XRD动态物相分析，探讨了稀土－硼共渗机制。结果表明，在真空烧结升温期间，从WC－Co压坯表面B4C分解出来的活性硼原子除在压坯表面上形成硼化物外，所形成的高浓度活性硼原子还向压坯内钴中扩散形成三元含硼相W2Co21B6化合物。同单独渗硼相比，钇在稀土－硼共渗过程中有拓宽渗硼温度范围、促进B4C脱碳分解和活性硼原子向压坯内扩散等催化渗硼作用。     

Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极在抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺

用Nafion和亲水性离子液体溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([OMIM]Br)作修饰剂制作了Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极;在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.40)中,用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了多巴胺在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺的新方法.研究表明,该修饰电极降低了多巴胺氧化、还原反应的过电位,增大了其氧化、还原反应的峰电流,而抗坏血酸和尿酸在该修饰电极上无响应;在方波伏安曲线上,多巴胺的氧化电流与其浓度在3.0×10-8～2.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.该法可用于注射液和模拟生物样品中多巴胺的测定.     

Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Performance of La-SO4/SBA-15 in Esterification of Acetic Acid with n-Butanol

La-SO42-/SBA-15 was synthesized with various amounts of lanthanum via incipient-wetness impregnation. Characterization was done by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron micrographs（TEM）, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and the total amount of acidity of catalyst was estimated by TPD of NH3. The results indicate that lanthanum has been incorporated into SBA-15 molecular sieve. The prepared materials（La-SO42-/SBA-15） keep the highly ordered mesoporous two-dimensional hexagonal structure and do not change the mesoporous channel structure of the support SBA-15. The catalyst showed best catalytic activity in the synthesis of n-butyl acetate. The optimum conditions of the esterification by orthogonal experiments were studied： the molar ratio of n-butanol to acetic acid 1：1.2, the amount of catalyst 7.5%, reaction time 80 min. The yield of n-butyl acetate could reach 93.2% under the optimum conditions. The catalyst was recyclable, cost effective and environmental friendly.     

纳米粒子—温度响应型共聚物复合材料*

本文根据构成复合材料中聚合物上侧链基团的不同,分别介绍异丙基丙烯酰胺、乙烯基醚和乙烯基吡啶三大类典型的温度响应型共聚物的主要性质及其与无机纳米粒子复合后形成的有机-无机复合材料的结构特点和温度响应行为。另外,对此类复合材料在可控相转移催化的应用中进行了详细地介绍,并对该复合材料未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Comparative study on the reaction of methane over a ZnO bed in the absence and presence of CO2

The reaction of zinc oxide with methane in the absence and presence of CO2 were theoretically and experimentally investigated using HSC Chemistry 5.1 software and a fixed bed reactor, respectively. In the absence of CO2 at 1193 K, the reduction of ZnO was accompanied with methane cracking, and metallic zinc, CO, and H2 were the main reaction products. This system could be utilized for the co-production of metallic zinc and synthesis gas, in which ZnO was a donor of oxygen. In the presence of CO2, ZnO plays as a catalyst in the CO2 reforming of methane and produces syngas with the average H2/CO ratio of 0.88 at 1193 K, which was close to the total reaction theoretic value of 1. It was also found that higher temperature favored high CH4 and CO2 conversions. XRD technique was used to characterize the ZnO species. The result showed that there were no differences in the peak profiles of the XRD patterns of the ZnO powder obtained before and after passing the CH4/CO2 mixed gases for 6 h at 1193 K. It is suggested that ZnO functions as a catalyst according to the redox cycle and metallic zinc plays the role of intermediate product in this process.