第一讲中子散射与散裂中子源

中子散射是研究物质微观结构和动态的理想工具之一,广泛地应用于凝聚态物质研究和应用的众多学科领域.散裂中子源能是新一代的加速器基脉冲中子源,能为中子散射提供高通量的脉冲中子.文章简明地介绍了中子散射的特点和它作为物质结构和动态探针的优越性,以及散裂中子源的基本原理、发展状况和多学科的应用优势.我国计划建设的散裂中子源CSNS中,靶站将由多片钨靶、铍/铁反射体和铁/重混凝土生物屏蔽体组成.质子束功率100kW下,脉冲中子通量约为2.4×1016n/cm2/s.第一期将设计建造高通量粉末衍射仪、高分辨粉末衍射仪、小角散射仪、多功能反射仪和直接几何非弹性散射仪等五台典型的中子散射谱仪,以覆盖大部分的中子散射研究领域.     

Exciton—Phonon Scattering in CdSe／ZnSe Quantum Dots

A temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurement is performed in CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots with a ZnCdSe quantum well.We deduce the temperature dependence of the exciton linewidth and peak energy of the zero-dimensional exciton in the quantum dots and two-dimensional exciton in the CdSe wetting layer.The experimental data reveal a reduction of homogeneous broadening of the exciton line in the quantum dots in comparison with that in the two-dimensional wetting layer,which indicates the decrease of exciton and optical phonon coupling in the CdSe quantum dots.     

两亲性嵌段聚合物的同步辐射小角x射线散射研究

应用同步辐射小角x射线散射(SAXS)方法研究了不同聚合条件下苯乙烯对乙烯基苯甲酸两亲性嵌段聚合物的聚集行为,结果发现该聚合物在选择性溶液中自组装形成胶束.胶束的形态和结构取决于嵌段聚合物的组成、浓度以及溶剂的性质等因素 关键词： 小角x射线散射 两亲性嵌段聚合物 分形维数 粒径     

Zn1-xCdxSe/ZnSe量子阱重空穴激子的跃迁能量和压力系数

考虑压力下势垒高度、激子结合能的改变等诸多因素的影响后数值研究了Ⅱ－Ⅵ族ZnCdSe/ZnSe量子阱重空穴激子的跃迁能量和压力系数，特别是压力系数随阱宽的变化规律。计算表明在SCPA近似下跃迁能量的计算与实验值吻合较好，而在压力系数的计算中必须计及材料的体积弹性模量随温度和压力的变化。证实了ZnCdSe/ZnSe量子阱重空穴激子的压力系数随阱宽增大而减小的结论。     

Lorentz-Compton佯谬与一个双赢判决性散射实验设计

通过对“可见光区域是否存在Compton效应”的讨论而进一步深化到经典条件下“光的量子理论能否包含光的经典电磁理论”的实验验证,发现了Lorentz-Compton佯谬,并基于逆Compton散射设计了一个敏感而又可行的双赢判决性散射实验来解决此佯谬。     

Transverse Effects in Slow Light Propagation

The effect of finite control beam on the transverse spatial profile of the slow light propagation in an electromagnetically induced transparency medium is studied. From the second-order wave equation and linear response of an EIT medium to the signal field, we find it is possible to produce an effective waveguide for the signal field. The existence and properties of a set of localized, stationary transverse modes are demonstrated. Especially, by carefully manipulating the profile of the control beam, we can realize single-mode propagation for the signal field, which may be important for potential applications.     

~ Transform Demonstration of Dark Soliton Solutions Found by Inverse Scattering

One of the basic problems about the inverse scattering transform for solving a completely integrable nonlinear evolutions equation is to demonstrate that the Jost solutions obtained from the inverse scattering equations of Cauchy integral satisfy the Lax equations. Such a basic problem still exists in the procedure of deriving the dark soliton solutions of the NLS equation in normal dispersion with non-vanishing boundary conditions through the inverse scattering transform. In this paper, a pair of Jost solutions with same analytic properties are composed to be a 2 × 2 matrix and then another pair are introduced to be its right inverse confirmed by the Liouville theorem. As they are both 2 × 2 matrices, the right inverse should be the left inverse too, based upon which it is not difficult to show that these Jost solutions satisfy both the first and second Lax equations. As a result of compatibility condition, the dark soliton solutions definitely satisfy the NLS equation in normal dispersion with non-vanishing boundary conditions.     

过氧聚钨酸薄膜上光栅的制备

用过氧聚钨酸（PPTA）水溶液，通过离心涂膜法在显微镜载玻片上制备了具有光滑表面且厚度为100nm的PPTA薄膜，利用PPTA薄膜在紫外光照下可研制光栅以及其它光学元件的薄膜材料，具有很高的利用价值。     

激光散射及光电子技术对液晶特性的测试

激光散射和光电子技术是目前测试液晶特性最先进和可靠的手段.此技术通过静态光散射和动态光散射两种测试方法,测得液晶的分子量、浊度系数、相关长度、相变温度、展矩和扭矩等许多物理参数,因此可判断液晶的类型,了解液晶的结构、形态,相转移及动态变形的过程,为液晶在许多领域的应用提供可靠的理论依据.     

亚皮秒光脉冲在密集色散管理光纤中的传输特性

文章从包含高阶效应的非线性薛定谔方程出发,基于一种二阶和三阶色散都作了完全补偿(零路径平均色散)的光纤级联系统模型,用数值法对亚皮秒(几百飞秒)高斯光脉冲在密集色散管理光纤(放大周期远远大于色散补偿周期,La>>Lc)中的传输特性做了研究.结果表明啁啾化亚皮秒光脉冲在短周期色散补偿光纤中可以实现稳定传输.色散管理的密集化程度越高,即色散补偿周期越短,光脉冲在光纤中传输时的呼吸度越小,前后脉冲间的相互作用也越弱,有利于提高光纤传输系统的性能.此外,由于色散管理孤子的系统功率较小,因此高阶非线性项的影响不大.