基于经验模态分解和小波阈值的冲击信号去噪

冲击信号是非线性的并且容易受到噪声污染。为研究冲击信号去噪的问题,本文针对经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)去噪和小波阈值去噪方法存在的不足,提出了基于EMD的小波阈值去噪方法。单纯的EMD去噪方法会在去除高频噪声的同时压制高频的有效信息。本文将EMD与小波阈值去噪相结合,利用连续均方误差准则确定含噪较多的高频固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF),对高频IMF分量进行小波阈值去噪,以分离并保留这些分量中的有效信息,同时保持低频IMF分量不变。对模拟数据和实际冲击信号进行去噪处理,结果表明,基于EMD的小波阈值去噪方法的去噪效果优于单纯的EMD去噪方法和小波阈值去噪方法。     

利用近红外光谱检测多层组织血氧饱和度的研究

利用近红外光谱无创检测生物组织血氧饱和状态,是一种极富研究和应用前景的检测技术,在临床检测中被广泛应用.但常规临床检测应用于指端仅反映局部血氧饱和度信息,在使用中具有局限性,信号的可信度也存在质疑.该文提出了一种采用反射式脉搏血氧饱和度检测技术检测生物多层组织氧合状况的新方法,该方法通过调节入射光强以适应解剖学中生物组织多层结构的检测.应用该方法针对手指结构的实验结果表明,随着入射光强的改变,反映血氧饱和状态的光电脉搏波信号有显著变化.结合手指解剖学分析表明,光电脉搏波信号的变化与手指的多层面组织结构相对应,反映不同层面血氧饱和状态.这一特点表明,通过此法可以针对生物组织的多层结构进行测量.     

Super-High Resolution Time Interval Measurement Method Based on Time-Space Relationships

Based on the principle of quantized delay-time, a super-high resolution time interval measurement method is proposed based on time-space relationships. Using the delay-time stability that time and frequency signal travel in a specific medium, the measured time interval can be quantized. Combined with the phase coincidence detection technique, the measurement of time can be changed into the measurement of space length. The resolution and the stability of the measurement system are easily improved. Experimental results show that the measurement resolution of the measured time interval depends on the length difference of the double delay-time unit. When the length difference is set up on millimeter level or sub-millimeter level, super-high measurement resolution from hundreds of picosecond to tens of picosecond can be obtained.     

Research on the cyclostationary nearfield acoustic holography based on boundary element method

Cyclostationary sound field is a special kind of nonstationary sound field, in which the pressure signal is modulated seriously and sidebands exist in its spectrum. The reconstructed sound field can＇t figure the cyclostationary features in conventional Nearfield Acoustic Holography （NAH） procedure. On the basis of planar cyclostationary NAH, the cyclostationary NAH based on boundary element method is proposed which can be utilized to analyze radiators with complicated surface. Replacing the Fourier＇s transform with the second-order cyclic statistics, the Cyclic Spectral Density （CSD） functions is used as the reconstructed physical quantity in the proposed NAH technique, instead of the spectrum or power spectral density of pressure signal. By virtue of the demodulation ability of CSD function, the reconstructed CSD can effectively express the information of modulating and carrier wave respectively. The simulation and experiment illustrate that the validity and accuracy of this cyclostationary NAH technique satisfy the request of engineering.     

An optical fiber methane gas sensing film sensor based on core diameter mismatch

<正>An optical fiber evanescent wave methane gas sensor based on core diameter mismatch is reported.The sensor consists of a multimode fiber in which a short section of standard single-mode fiber,coated with the inclusion of cryptophane molecules E in a transparent polysiloxane film,is inserted.The sensing principle is analyzed by optical waveguide theory.For different sensing film thicknesses and interaction lengths,the sensor signal is investigated within the methane concentration range of 0-14.5%(v/v).It is shown that the sensor signal with the thickness of 5μm and the interaction length of 3 mm strengthens linearly with the increasing concentration of methane,with a slope of 0.0186.The best detection limit of the sensor for methane is 2.2%(v/v) with a response time of 90 s.This sensor is suitable for the detection of methane concentration below the critical value of 5%.     

多面转镜激光器扫频光学相干层析成像系统的全光谱重采样方法

在多面转镜激光器扫频光学相干层析成像系统中,激光器存在着输出光谱错位与扫频范围波动的问题.目前的重采样方法中,普遍利用互相关运算校正光谱错位,并进行大范围的截取,保证扫频范围的一致性,但这会导致成像信噪比与分辨率的降低.本文用马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)采集到的干涉信号对扫频范围波动的问题进行了详细的测量与分析,其中干涉信号的解缠相位曲线的非随机性和平行性,表明该类激光器输出光谱的波长分布具备一致性.在此基础上,提出了一种用最长扫频范围的MZI干涉信号,对样品干涉信号进行时域光谱对齐、然后进行一对多插值的重采样方法.实验与分析表明,该方法利用了所有的光谱信号,保证了样品干涉信号的能量利用率,能有效提高图像的信噪比与分辨率.     

线性调频信号激励过阻尼双稳系统的随机共振现象研究

线性调频信号是工程中常见的一种信号, 由于其为非周期信号, 无法以频域信噪比作为衡量其是否产生随机共振的测量手段, 故鲜有文献研究以线性调频信号为激励信号的随机共振现象. 本文利用线性调频信号在最优分数阶Fourier变换域上的能量聚集性, 首次提出以最优分数阶Fourier变换域上定义的信噪比作为测量手段, 研究了线性调频信号叠加高斯白噪声激励过阻尼双稳系统的随机共振现象, 且发现了以线性调频信号为激励信号时产生的新现象, 即随着信号频率的增大, 随机共振将逐渐减弱, 并给出了合理的解释.仿真的结果与理论分析一致, 验证了本文所提出方法的有效性. 关键词： 线性调频信号 分数阶Fourier变换 随机共振     

遥测振动信号EMD-WVD分布应用研究

飞行器飞行试验采集的遥测振动信号频段丰富、成分构成复杂,合理有效地解读其包括的时频信息在分析飞行器结构和环境特性方面至关重要。依托经验模态分解(EMD)方法将复杂信号分解成准单分量信号,借助相关系数法将伪分量信号剔除,保证分解信号的有效性。通过EMD和 WVD方法的结合,将保留的准单分量信号进行WVD变换并做平滑伪处理,从而获得复杂信号的时频分布。EMD-WVD组合模型经在仿真信号上的应用检验,能够检测信号自身的时频特性,进一步应用其在遥测振动信号上,同平滑伪WVD抑制交叉项方法进行了比较,结果表明EMD-WVD组合模型更加有效,能够反映复杂工程信号的时频分布特性。     

基于信噪比测量的欺骗干扰检测方法

在捕获北斗信号的过程中,接收机根据预先设定好的信号搜捕策略和门限值来捕获信号;欺骗干扰源通过产生虚假的相关峰和增加噪声基底,可以有效地干扰普通型北斗接收机正常的捕获工作;针对欺骗信号检测问题,在分析欺骗信号入侵对接收机噪声基底影响的基础上,提出了在捕获阶段利用信噪比(SNR)检测技术识别欺骗干扰信号的方法,并对其有效性进行了分析;仿真结果表明,采用该方法的接收机具有一定程度的欺骗干扰识别能力,为提高GNSS接收机抗干扰能力提供了有益的参考 。     

多频信号的自适应随机共振检测方法

针对系统输入端待测信号为低频与中高频情形,分别建立了多频信号的自适应随机共振检测方法,即通过分析待测输入信号的频率特性和信号并行输入个数,对于低频信号,固定步长,自动调节系统参数;对于中高频信号,利用外加周期信号的频率,选取合适的测量指标来衡量随机共振现象的发生,并且寻求最优系统参数,在随机共振输出信号频域中提取待测信号的频率.与传统的自适应随机共振信号检测方法相比,采用色噪声,更符合实际背景,更精确地提取待测信号的频率.仿真结果与分析的一致,表明方法有效可行,有良好的应用前景.