应用美学原理进行愉悦式教学的尝试

由于物理学的学习难度均较大,使学生学习完全处于被动状态,如何扭转此局面呢?愉悦式教法定能如愿。1 让学生充分领略学科的美 要学好物理,首先必须对它们产生兴趣.学科安排本身就是一种美,加之论述的逻辑     

利用"对比法"判断气体状态参量的变化趋势

理想气体的温度、体积和压强三个状态参量之间的关系由气体状态方程pV/T=恒量决定。当气体状态发生变化时，判断某一个参量的变化趋势是一个比较复杂的问题。如图1，为p—T图中的状态变化曲线，状态由A变化到B，判断体积的变化趋势。     

强流直线感应加速器中束流质心横向运动初步计算

 “神龙一号”强流脉冲加速器由72个直线感应加速腔和18个用于测试和真空泵接口的多功能腔组成。直线感应加速器的研制建造中磁轴对中偏差和聚焦磁场的自然偏差所引起的束流质心偏移轨道中心是不可避免的，由于束脉冲期间存在能散，使束流产生Corkscrew运动,导致束流品质变坏。而束脉冲期间的能散只能减小到一定水平，因此必需采取一定的措施抑制Corkscrew幅度的增长。在加速器的安装阶段，脉冲悬丝技术被应用于准直加速段聚焦磁场，并在磁轴准直测试的同时对磁场固有倾斜偏差进行初步校正。根据脉冲悬丝测试所得实验数据，采用传输矩阵法对加速段束质心轨迹进行了初步估计，计算中考虑了各加速腔聚焦磁场的倾斜和偏移误差。给出了计算结果和分析。     

The penetration, diffusion and energy deposition of high-energy photon

This paper presents a new theory for calculating the transport of high-energy photons and their secondary charged particles. We call this new algorithm characteristic line method, which is completely analytic. Using this new method we cannot only accurately calculate the transport behaviour of energetic photons, but also precisely describes the transport behaviour and energy deposition of secondary electrons, photoelectrons, Compton recoil electrons and positron-electron pairs. Its calculation efficiency is much higher than that of the Monte Carlo method. The theory can be directly applied to layered media situation and obtain a pencil-beam-modelled solution. Therefore, it may be applied to clinical applications for radiation therapy.     

锥形光纤的偏振特性

随着光通信技术的不断发展，光纤的应用越来越广泛，而锥形光纤以其独特的传光方式越来越多地应用于光纤连接、成像及测量等领域。实验测定了不同锥角和不同长度锥形光纤的偏振特性。理论上，根据麦克斯韦方程组以及边界条件给出了光在理想光纤中的场分布，阐明了实际光纤中光的传输特性。论证了锥形光纤长度与其偏振特性的关系，进而利用几何光学方法对锥形光纤锥角与其偏振特性的关系作了定性说明。并用具体数据进行了定量计算，得出偏振光经锥形光纤传输或耦合后再传输到其终端所得到均是椭圆偏振光的结论。     

Excited Stated in ^207Rn

Excited states ^207Rn are investigated via the^196Pt(^16O,Sn)^207 Rn reaction at beam energies from 85 to 95 MeV using techniques of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy.Measurements of γ-ray excitation function,x-γ and γ-γ-t conincidences are performed with ten BGO(AC) HPGe detectors.Based on these measurements,a level scheme of ^207Rn,including 17 γ-rays and 18 levels,is established.Spins for most of the levels are proposed according to the measured DCO ratios.The level struccture is compared with a weak-coupling calculation using the interaction energies extracted from neighbouring nuclei.     

400例导乐式分娩的临床效果评价

目的：评价导乐式分娩在临床应用的效果。方法：实验组共400例，采用陪伴式分娩，有一个亲属陪伴，一位助产士全程陪伴，并指导产妇顺利渡过分娩期。对照组400例，为未开展陪伴分娩期的产妇。结果：通过临床观察发现，产妇在分娩时的心理状态，各种原因的剖宫产率(导乐组为23％，对照组为39％)有显著差异(P＜0．05)；尤其是社会因素，实验组(11．96％)均优于对照组(33．97％)。结论：导乐陪伴分娩能解除产妇的恐惧和焦虑心理，减少了各种原因的剖官产率，保护、促进和支持了自然分娩。     

"导棒"的启动方式与收尾状态探析

机车的启动问题是机械能部分的重要内容．无独有偶，在磁场中滑轨上的导棒也存在类似的启动问题(简称滑轨问题)，而且两者之间还有相通之处．笔者下面就磁场中导棒的启动方式与收尾状态逐一剖析，与同行探讨．     

微扰影响下组合孤波的传输稳定性研究

针对最近发现的高阶非线性薛定锷方程的组合孤波解，我们数值研究了它在受到包括幅度偏离、参数条件偏离以及随机噪声等不同初始扰动后的传输特性。结果表明一定的精确脉冲在不同的扰动下有类似的稳定趋势。     

Investigation of External Optical Feedback Resistance of IC—DFB and GC—DFB Lasers Using a Very Simple Experimental set—up

We study the external optical feedback resistance of both index-coupled(IC) and gain-coupled distributed feed-back(DFB) lasers using a very simple experimental set-up.Though IC-DFB lasers with large coupling coefficients are found to be less sensitive to external reflection,they suffer from mode instability at high injection level.On the other hand ,the introduction of gain-coupling mechanism can significantly improve both the immunity of external optical feedback and the single mode yield of the device.