三维光子晶体典型结构完全禁带的最佳参数理论分析

基于平面波展开法，理论分析了晶格结构、填充率、介电常数比等因素对fcc，diamond，woodpile三种三维光子晶体典型结构完全禁带的影响.三种结构中，fcc结构由于高对称性导致的能级简并，只适用于密堆积排列的反蛋白石结构；diamond结构非常容易产生高带隙率的完全禁带，并且可以通过调节多项参数得到所需的完全禁带；woodpile结构参数调节范围比较宽，为实验制备带来方便.对于不同的三维光子晶体结构，随着介电常数比的增大，完全禁带的宽度和带隙率也会随着增大.还发现了一些以前未引起注意的现象. 关键词： 三维光子晶体 完全禁带 介电常数比 带隙率 平面波展开法     

薄板型介质材料复介电常数的无损测量

采用带法兰结构的TE01n圆柱谐振腔,用无损检测的方法测量薄板型微波介质材料的复介电常数。利用轴向模式匹配法对谐振腔内的电磁场进行了求解,给出了相对介电常数和损耗角正切的计算公式,并利用矢量网络分析仪对几种常用微波介质材料进行了测量,其结果表明:该测量方法对相对介电常数的测量误差不超过1%,而对损耗角正切的测量误差不超过10%。该方法还具备一腔多模的测试能力,测量频率可调,可用于介质材料频率特性的测量。     

Dielectric and infrared properties of SrTiO3 single crystal doped by 3d （V,Mn, Fe,Ni） and 4f （Nd,Sm, Er） ions

In this study, the effects of doping by 3d （V, Mn, Fe, Ni） and 4f （Nd, Sm, Er） ions on dielectric and infrared properties of SrTiO3 （STO） single crystals are investigated. It is well known that doping of the SrTiO3 can change the dielectric properties of the STO from an insulator to an n-type semiconductor, and even to a metallic conductor. Dielectric and infrared （IR） properties of the undoped STO and doped STO single crystals are analyzed using dielectric spectroscopy （80 kHz-5 MHz）, transmission （200 cm^-1-4000 cm^-1）, and reflection spectroscopy （50 cm^-1-2000 cm^-1）. It is found that doping by the 3d ions reduces the value of dielectric permittivity, but the trend of temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity remains almost unchanged. On the other hand, dielectric spectroscopy measurements for samples doped by 4f ions show the anomalous behaviors of the dielectric permittivity at temperatures around the temperature of the structural phase transition. There are two fractures of temperature dependences of inverse dielectric permittivity εr^-1 （T）. Transmittance spectroscopy measurements show that there are differences in the shape of the spectrum in the mid-IR region between the undoped STO and the one doped by 4f ions. The differences in the reflectance spectrum between the STO：Nd and STO are analyzed in detail.     

First-principles study of the structural,elastic, and optical properties for Sr0.5Ca0.5TiO3

A detailed theoretical study of the structural, elastic, and optical properties for Sr0.5Ca0.5TiO3 is carried out by first- principles calculations. The band structure exhibits a direct bandgap of 2.08 eV at the F point in the Brillouin zone. The bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young＇s modulus, and Poisson＇s ratio are derived based on the calculated elastic constants. The bulk modulus B = 153 GPa and shear modulus G = 81GPa are in good agreement with available experimental data. Poisson＇s ratio v = 0.275 suggests that Sr0.sCa0.sTiO3 should be classified as being a ductile material. Using the electronic band structure and density of states, we analyze the interband contribution to the optical properties. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, as well as the optical properties such as the optical absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and energy-loss spectrum are calculated. The static dielectric constant ε1 （0） and the refractive index n（0） are also investigated.     

电流变液和电流变效应

电流变液是一种极有发展前景的新颖材料,通常由不导电的母液和均匀散布在其中的电介质微粒组成。对于外加电场的变化,它的力学性能可以作出迅速的响应,因而在工业上极具应用前景。本文将就电流变液的研究进行综述,涉及的内容有:电流变效应的机理、电流变液材料及其力学性能、应用和展望．      

墨水溶剂对低铂含量质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响

Owing to the scarcity of platinum, it is of high importance to develop electrodes with low platinum metal loading and to thereby improve the utilization of Pt for the commercialization of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In comparison to conventional high-platinum electrodes, the thickness of the catalyst layer (CL) is thinner and the interatomic Pt spacing is larger for the low-Pt loading electrodes. The distribution of electrolyte ionomer and the electrode morphology, which are strongly influenced by the solvents used in the fabrication process, are therefore increasingly important factors for achieving high performance in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In this work, different solvents with various dielectric constants and evaporation rates were used to prepare the inks for low-Pt loading cathode (0.1 mg·cm^-2) fabrication. First, the inks were fabricated by dispersing the catalyst and ionomer in different solvents which were then coated onto carbon paper to prepare the gas diffusion electrodes. The anode and cathode electrodes were then hot-pressed together with the Nafion membrane to produce the MEAs. The results showed a mixture of isopropanol-water (4:1) yielded the best-performing MEA during the single-cell tests compared to the other solvents tested. In order to elucidate the relationship between the performance of MEAs and the solvents, the structure and the surface morphology of the CL and the distribution of Nafion ionomer in the CL was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A comparison of the SEM and TEM images of representative samples indicated that the best performing electrode had a much improved homogeneity in the surface morphology as well as the dispersion of catalyst and ionomer. This was because of the moderate evaporation rate and better dispersion, caused by the increased hydrogen bonding and high dielectric constant, respectively. The results from dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that the size of the catalyst and ionomer aggregates are influenced by the solvents. It is suggested that larger aggregates might help the formation of holes in the CL for gas diffusion and water removal, with the optimum size found to be around 400–800 nm. In conclusion, the MEA fabricated from the isopropanol-water solvent exhibited a significantly increased power density (1.79 W·cm^-2), and the utilization of Pt was increased to approximately 0.047 mg·W^-1, which is among the best-performing fuel cells reported to date.     

接枝聚合制备具有超低介电常数聚酰亚胺纳米复合物材料

通过热引发甲基丙烯酸环戊基-立方低聚倍半硅氧烷(R7R′Si8O12,POSS)(MA-POSS)与臭氧预处理的含氟聚酰亚胺(FPI)自由基接枝共聚制得了含多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)的FPI纳米复合物.用核磁共振(NMR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等手段对POSS/FPI纳米复合物的化学组成及其形貌结构进行了表征.POSS/FPI纳米复合物薄膜与原始FPI薄膜相比具有更低的、可调的介电常数,它的介电常数(κ)在2.5~2.1之间.     

P替代对ZrV2O7介电与电导性能的影响

采用固相烧结法制备ZrV2-xPxO7系列材料,研究了P替代对ZrV2O7介电和电导性能的影响.研究发现,ZrV2-xPxO7系列材料的高频介电常数随着P含量的增加而降低;材料的离子弛豫极化和晶界极化速率随P含量的增加先变大后变小,其介电弛豫时间随P含量的增加先增大再减小,其中ZrV1.6P0.4O7具有最大的介电弛豫时间,为5.63 ×1O-4s.由于P和V离子半径和电负性的差异,P的加入会导致晶格畸变和散射几率变化.室温下,ZrV2-xPxO7系列材料的电导率对P的含量非常敏感,ZrV1.6P0.4O7具有最大电导率,为5.83 ×10-5 S·cm-1.对ZrV1.6P0.4O7进行变温特性测试发现,其活化能为0.19 eV.对ZrV2-xPxO7系列材料的电导率和介电的研究对拓展此类材料在电子器件方面的应用具有重要意义.     

类钙钛矿新铌酸盐Ba5NdTi2Nb3O18的合成、结构与介电特性

为满足现代通信技术的小型化、集成化与高可靠性的迫切要求,探索具有高介电常数、低介电损耗与低温度系数的微波介电材料引起了材料科学、化学、物理、电子等领域科学工作者的广泛关注,并已开发出复合钙钛矿结构Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3、钨青铜结     

多氟代季戊四芳醚的合成及其在低介电薄膜中的应用

合成了六个多氟代季戊四芳醚类化合物,并且对部分化合物掺杂于SiO~2薄膜的介电性质进行了研究。当氟原子掺杂浓度(F/Si)为1%时,薄膜介电常数K值小于3。