光信息科学与技术专业的教学改革——双语教学

分析了光信息科学与技术专业的特点,探讨了该专业双语教学改革的特点和提高双语教学效果的方法,为专业发展提出了思路。     

时间序列散斑干涉场中相位函数的计算

散斑干涉或电子散斑干涉计量应用于连续运动或变形物体时,就会产生一个时变的散斑干涉场,通过摄像系统连续地采集这一时变散斑场,可获得一系列时间序列散斑干涉图,通过对序列散斑图上各点在时间轴上光强值的变化进行分析,提出了一种基于时间序列的分析方法,用以提取干涉场的相位值,进而获得物体全场变形信息。     

三代微光和超二代微光夜视技术的研究和开发

介绍三代微光和超二代微光夜视技术的发展概况：阐明了它们各自的原理、技术特点和关键课题；着重指出了两者间的异同和相互联系。     

利用APPLEⅡ机实现谱板的自动化测量

采用APPLEⅡ微机控制9W测微光密度计,实现对谱板自动化测量。论述了该系统的工作原理、主要功能和特性。给出了使用该系统所测得的实际光谱谱图。     

Relativistic field formulation of simultaneous quantum measurement

The simultaneous measurement of Dirac field operators is formulated in analogy to the work of von Neumann and Arthurs-Kelly. Meter fields are coupled to the system field with a relativistically invariant bilinear interaction. Measurement of vacuum meter field expectation values provides for the simultaneous measurement of noncommuting system components. It is shown that two meter coupling allows for a simultaneous minimum in the variance of the subsequent meter measurements. A pseudoscalar self-interaction of the Dirac field is shown to allow simultaneous measurement of positive energy field operators with negative energy meters. The simultaneous measurement ofn noncommuting field operators is obtained by coupling the system ton fermionic fields. Also, in this paper the related concept of mutual simultaneous measurement is developed. This requires that any operators in the enlarged Hilbert space are measurable by the remaining fields as meters. System embedding into a larger Hilbert space results in added noise due to the zero point motion of the meter fields. By the negentropy principle of Brillouin, the added noise is equivalent to entropy. A criterion determining the interaction among fields is that the averaged added noise in the components of each quantum field is minimized. This criterion defines an optimum fermionic mass matrix through the determination of the entangling interaction.1. This work was sponsored by the Department of the Air Force under contract F19628-90-C-0002.     

Effect of atmospheric pressure pulsed discharge spatial inhomogeneity on Ar I and H I lines: Electron number density study

The spatial inhomogeneity of pulsed atmospheric pressure discharge in argon is investigated using the electron number density N_e diagnostics procedure applied to asymmetrically broadened Ar I lines. A dedicated fitting procedure is used for describing Ar I 703.0 nm line shape recorded from argon gas discharge and H I (at 486.13 and 656.28 nm) lines recorded from Ar-H₂ gas mixture discharge. The results revealed the change in N_e in both axial and radial directions. The additional Ar I lines at 614.5, 710.7, 731.2, and 731.6 nm, recorded from integral spatial radiation, are analysed as well to confirm the results from the plasma column region. The possibility of using AlO (B²∑⁺–X²∑⁺) and CN (B²∑⁺–X²∑⁺) molecular bands for gas temperature T_g measurements in this type of gas discharge source is demonstrated and T_g used as an input parameter for the N_e diagnostics procedure. For the proper identification of molecular band spectral lines, the Fortrat parabolas are constructed. The results obtained from Ar I 703.0 nm line indicate three different N_e values, with N_e1 ≈ 0.6 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³, N_e2 ≈ 3.6 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³, and N_e3 ≈ 19 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ measured from the plasma column. These N_e values increase in the cathode and anode region.     

惯性约束聚变靶场激光束精密调焦及诊断技术

主要介绍了惯性约束聚变靶场精密调焦和诊断的实验系统,阐述了系统采用的谐波驱动器、调焦判据、图象处理等关键技术,实验中通过计算机控制采集到一系列轴向位移和相应焦斑面积的数据,可拟合出位移面积的函数变化曲线, 根据此曲线便可快速准确地确定焦面位置。     

腔内倍频法测量KDP类晶体损耗系数

用腔内倍频方法测量无源腔内晶体吸收和散射共同作用带来的损耗,其特点是响应时间很短,约100ns,并具有很高的灵敏度（约10-4）,可望应用于高功率激光照射下非线性光学晶体无损损伤以及快速损伤的研究。将测量KDP类晶体的损耗结果与文献资料作了比较。     

A Nanometer Aerosol Size Analyzer (nASA) for Rapid Measurement of High-concentration Size Distributions

We have developed a fast-response nanometer aerosol size analyzer (nASA) that is capable of scanning 30 size channels between 3 and 100 nm in a total time of 3 s. The analyzer includes a bipolar charger (Po²¹⁰), an extended-length nanometer differential mobility analyzer (Nano-DMA), and an electrometer (TSI 3068). This combination of components provides particle size spectra at a scan rate of 0.1 s per channel free of uncertainties caused by response-time-induced smearing. The nASA thus offers a fast response for aerosol size distribution measurements in high-concentration conditions and also eliminates the need for applying a de-smearing algorithm to resulting data. In addition, because of its thermodynamically stable means of particle detection, the nASA is useful for applications requiring measurements over a broad range of sample pressures and temperatures. Indeed, experimental transfer functions determined for the extended-length Nano-DMA using the tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) technique indicate the nASA provides good size resolution at pressures as low as 200 Torr. Also, as was demonstrated in tests to characterize the soot emissions from the J85-GE engine of a T-38 aircraft, the broad dynamic concentration range of the nASA makes it particularly suitable for studies of combustion or particle formation processes. Further details of the nASA performance as well as results from calibrations, laboratory tests and field applications are presented below.     

AN EXTENSION OF “POPPER'S EXPERIMENT” CAN TEST INTERPRETATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

Karl Popper proposed a way to test whether a proposed relation of a quantum-mechanical state to perceived reality in the Copenhagen interpretation (CI) of quantum mechanics—namely that the state of a particle is merely an expression of what is known about the system—is in agreement with all experimental facts. A conceptual flaw in Popper's proposal is identified and an improved version of his experiment (called Extension step 1)—which fully serves its original purpose—is suggested. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest to perform this experiment. The results of this experiment predicted under the alternative assumptions that the CI or the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) is correct are shown to be identical. Only after a further modification (called Extension step 2) (the use of an ion isolated from the macroscopic environment as particle detector) the predictions using the respective interpretations become qualitatively different. This is because what is known by a human observer H can fail as a basis for the prediction of the statistical distribution of measurement results within the MWI in special cases: The temporal evolution of a system un-entangled with H (like the isolated ion) can depend on another system's state components that are entangled with states ortogonal to H. Thus—within the CI—for H they are known not to exist. Yet H can infer their existence by studying the evolution of the ion.