利用自由基引发的1,2-炔基迁移实现非活性烯烃的炔膦酰化

研究了1,4-烯炔衍生物与二芳基膦氧化物在银介导下发生的炔酰化反应.该反应利用自由基引发的1,2-炔基迁移策略合成了一系列γ-酮膦氧化物,产率适中.该反应机理可能涉及膦中心自由基与乙烯基的加成、3-exo-dig环化和1,2-炔基迁移等连续的过程,一步形成了C-P、C-C键等化学键,实现了非活性烯烃的双官能化.     

In-silico therapeutic investigations of arjunic acid and arjungenin as an FXR agonist and validation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

The present study was to illustrate the agonistic property of arjungenin and arjunic acid towards farnesoid X receptor protein (FXR).The pharmacokinetic properties like molecular interactions, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) of the ligands were checked through in-silico studies. Protein-ligand docking was carried out using autodock software. Molecular docking analysis confirmed strong binding energy and interaction of arjungenin and arjunic acid with the target protein and the ADMET profiles identified for both compounds were promising.Further in vitro studies were performed in 3T3-L1 adipocyte to verify the agonistic property of arjungenin and arjunic acid. Oil red O staining was done to check differentiation induction. Adiponectin, leptin, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were quantified. The mRNA expression of FXR, Cyp7a1, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c were quantified using fluorescent real-time PCR. Cytotoxicity assay was confirmed that up to 150 μM concentration there is no significant cell death on treatment with arjunic acid and arjungenin. Treatment with arjungenin and arjunic acid confirms increased differentiation of the cells with significant (P < 0.05) increase in adiponectin (118.07% and 132.92%) and leptin (133.52% and 149.74%) protein levels compared to the negative control group. After treatment with arjungenin and arjunic acid in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes the mRNA expression of FXR, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1c were significantly (P < 0.01) increased and cyp7a1 was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased when compared with the negative control group. Overall, our results suggest that arjungenin and arjunic acid acts as an FXR agonist and may be useful for rational therapeutic strategies as a novel drug to treat cholesterol mediated metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.     

灵芝酸A对人肝癌细胞的辐射增敏效应的初步研究

本研究旨在初步探讨灵芝酸A(GAA)对人肝癌细胞系HepG2在高LET中子和低LET的γ射线条件下的辐射敏感性的影响及差异。研究中,我们用CCK-8方法检测不同浓度GAA对HepG2增殖抑制作用。选取低浓度(5μmol/L)GAA预处理细胞24 h,分别给予不同剂量的中子辐照或γ射线辐照,分别检测克隆存活率、细胞凋亡和γH2AX蛋白的foci的形成。结果表明:在不加GAA的情况下,高LET中子辐射比低LET的γ射线对细胞产生的凋亡比例高;在添加了GAA后,与未加GAA对照组相比,诱导细胞凋亡的比例明显增加;另外,加GAA处理后,细胞增殖抑制率也随着辐照剂量的增加而增高。即GAA能增加HepG2细胞的辐射敏感性,而在同样GAA剂量下,HepG2细胞对高LET中子辐射比低LET的γ射线更敏感。由此,这项研究说明灵芝酸或可开发成为一种天然辐射增敏剂,从而为癌症特别是肝癌的放疗提供新的辅助治疗方法。     

以NiAl-NO3-LDH为前驱体制备Ni-Al2O3催化剂及其催化乙酰丙酸加氢性能

以NO₃^-插层类水滑石（NiAl-NO₃-LDH）为前驱体制备了一系列不同Ni/Al摩尔比的Ni-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了其催化乙酰丙酸液相加氢性能.表征结果表明,随着Ni/Al摩尔比的增加,类水滑石层板结构中存在的游离态γ-AlOOH物种逐步演变为游离的Ni（OH）₂物种,制备的催化剂中金属-载体相互作用逐渐减弱,Ni物种分散度逐渐降低,表面酸性中心数量先增多后减少;当Ni/Al摩尔比为3时,所制备的催化剂表面具有最丰富的酸性中心和加氢中心.在酸性中心和加氢中心的协同作用下,该催化剂表现出优异的催化乙酰丙酸加氢合成γ-戊内酯性能及良好的使用稳定性.在160℃,4 MPa氢气条件下反应5 h时,γ-戊内酯的收率最高可达92.7%.     

Coking-resistant Ni-ZrO2/A1203 catalyst for CO methanation

Highly coke-resisting ZrO2-decorated Ni/A1203 catalysts for CO methanation were prepared by a two-step process. The support was first loaded with NiO by impregnating method and then modified with ZrO2 by deposition-precipitation method （IM-DP）. Nitrogen adsorption- desorption, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetdc analysis, H2 temperature- programmed reduction and desorption, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and zeta potential analysis were employed to characterize the samples. The results revealed that, compared with the catalysts with the same composition prepared by co-impregnation （CI） and sequential impregnation （SI） methods, the Ni/A1203 catalyst prepared by IM-DP showed much enhanced catalytic performance for syngas methanation under the condition of atmospheric pressure and a high weight hourly space velocity of 120000 mL.g-1 .h-1. In a 80 h life time test under the condition of 300-600 ~C and 3.0 MPa, this catalyst showed high stability and resistance to coking, and the amount of deposited carbon was only 0.4 wt%. On the contrary, the deposited carbon over the catalyst without ZrO2 reached 1.5 wt% after a 60 h life time test. The improved catalytic performance was attributed to the selective deposition of ZrO2 nanoparticles on the surface of NiO rather than A1203, which could he well controlled via changing the electrostatic interaction in the DP procedure. This unique structure could enhance the dissociation of CO2 and generate surface oxygen intermediates, thus preventing carbon deposition on the Ni particles in syngas methanation.     

Efficient and green syntheses of novel γ-aminophosphonate and phosphine oxide derivatives

Two synthetic protocols leading to novel γ-aminophosphonate and phosphine oxide derivatives, by reductive amination of γ-phosphonylketones, are reported. The first method involved a two-step procedure. Imine intermediates were first isolated from the p-toluenesulfonic acid-catalyzed reaction of primary amines with γ-ketophosphonates and phosphine oxides, then reduced with NaBH₄ in refluxing ethanol. The second method consists of a one-pot procedure which includes the condensation of γ-ketophosphonates and phosphine oxides with primary amines, in the presence of molecular sieves, followed by reduction with NaBH₄. These methods offer significant advantages over prior reports, such as efficiency, generality, and good yields. Furthermore, they are green protocols avoiding hazardous hydrides and solvents.     

离子热法制备多级孔AlPO_4-5分子筛

采用离子热法,以磷酸为磷源,γ-Al_2O_3为铝源,在1-丁基-3-甲基溴化咪唑离子液体中于320℃反应10 min内快速合成了多级孔AlPO_4-5分子筛,其结构和形貌经傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR),X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),氮气物理吸-脱附(BET)和透射电镜(TEM)表征。     

水滑石基磁性Co/Al2O3催化剂在乙酰丙酸加氢制备γ-戊内酯反应中的应用

γ-戊内酯广泛应用于食品添加剂、燃料添加剂、溶剂、汽油、柴油以及多种化工中间体的合成,由于其上游原料乙酰丙酸是重要的生物质基平台化合物已实现了工业化生产,因此发展其高效、可循环使用的催化合成新体系是近年来生物质催化转化的研究热点之一.目前使用的多相催化剂体系主要是浸渍法制备的负载型金属纳米颗粒催化剂,活性金属主要有Ru, Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, Ni等.由于乙酰丙酸制备γ-戊内酯反应是一个酸性的含水体系,在高温、高压条件下,使用浸渍法得到的催化剂特别是非贵金属催化剂容易发生活性金属的聚集、流失,从而使得催化剂重复使用的效果不佳.从非贵金属替代贵金属和提高催化剂稳定性这两点入手,本论文以水滑石为合成催化剂的单一前驱体,将非贵金属(Cu, Ni, Fe, Co)掺入到水滑石的结构骨架中,通过直接氢气焙烧还原制得了高负载量的负载型金属纳米颗粒多相催化剂.将制得的催化剂应用于乙酰丙酸加氢反应,其催化活性顺序为： Co>Ni>Cu>Fe.制备出了5种不同Co/Al比的Co基催化剂,其中4Co/Al2O3催化剂在H2(5 MPa)、180 oC条件下,显示出了类似贵金属钌催化剂的活性和选择性,乙酰丙酸在3 h内完全转化,γ-戊内酯的选择性高达99%.为了进一步了解催化剂的结构与其活性和稳定性之间的关系,我们采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD),氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR), X射线光电子能谱(XPS),透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段研究了催化剂的形貌和结构. TEM结果表明,以水滑石为前驱体制备的Co催化剂中负载的Co纳米颗粒的平均粒径在25–30 nm,而用浸渍法制备的相同负载量的Co催化剂的Co纳米颗粒粒径大于150 nm.相应的催化反应结果表明,前者的催化活性要远好于后者.水滑石前驱体的H2-TPR实验结果表明,随着Co/Al比增加,其还原峰向低温方向位移.这是由于Al含量的减少,导致金属Co离子周围键合的Al离子数量减少,从而使得Co与Al之间的作用力减弱, Co更加容易被还原.表现在还原温度上,即为还原温度降低,说明了Co纳米颗粒与载体之间具有一种强相互作用.结合TEM测试结果,正是这种强相互作用限制了Co纳米颗粒的长大,使其要远小于用浸渍法制得的Co纳米颗粒. HRTEM测试结果显示在4Co/Al2O3催化剂结构中, Co金属纳米颗粒与载体Al2O3之间存在一种核壳结构的关系, Co纳米颗粒被包埋于载体Al2O3中形成核壳结构.这种结构同样也保证了活性金属与载体之间较强的相互作用,有效地避免Co纳米颗粒在强水热、酸性条件下的聚集和流失,从而使该催化剂在循环使用四次时仍能保持优异的活性和选择性.我们进一步研究了该核壳结构形成的原因.发现催化剂在制备过程中如果先用空气高温焙烧,再用氢气还原,得到的催化剂中则没有明显的核壳结构,且Co纳米颗粒粒径在55 nm左右.相应的催化反应结果也要差于直接氢气焙烧还原得到的4Co/Al2O3催化剂.这也从侧面说明了以水滑石为前驱体制备负载型金属纳米颗粒催化剂时,其原位的限制效应在控制金属纳米颗粒的大小、稳定性方面的优越性.此外,由于该Co催化剂具有磁性特征,很容易通过磁性回收实现催化剂与反应液的分离,大大简化了催化剂的回收及产物分离过程.     

助剂对Pd/γ-Al2 O3催化剂上NO选择催化还原的影响

研究了含氧条件下钯催化剂上进行丙烯选择催化还原NO的反应,考察浸渍法制备的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中加入碱(土)金属或稀土氧化物助剂对NO转化率的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征及在氧化气氛中饱和吸附NO后的TPD研究.结果表明,助剂CeO2、 Li2O能较大幅度提高催化剂的低温活性,使NO的最高转化率增加1～3.5倍.Pd/CeO2-Al2O3、 Pd/Li2O-Al2O3催化剂有较高的Pd分散度及较强的NO解离吸附能力.并讨论了NO、 N2O、 NO2-和NO3-等吸附态物种在催化剂表面的形成及脱附特性对催化剂选择催化还原NO性能的影响.     

低温等离子体与MnO_x/γ-Al_2O_3协同催化降解正己醛

研究了在低温等离子体和催化剂共同作用下低浓度正己醛的降解反应.结果表明,等离子体与γ-Al2O3之间产生了很好的催化协同作用,在低放电功率(2.8W)和低温(80℃)下,干燥空气气氛中,γ-Al2O3对0.12%正己醛的去除率为87.1%;当γ-Al2O3负载7.5%MnOx后,正己醛去除率达到96.5%,其效果与Pt/γ-Al2O3相当.7.5%MnOx/γ-Al2O3在实验条件下连续使用50h,其催化活性未见下降.