Determinations of plasma density and decay time in the hollow cathode discharge by microwave transmission

The microwave （MW） transmission method is employed to measure both the plasma density and the plasma decay time in the hollow cathode discharge （HCD） in argon at low pressure. The plasma density in DC-driven or pulsed HCD is on the order of 1012 cm-3, which can block the X-band MW effectively. In the case of pulsed HCD, the MW transmittance shows the same waveform as the pulsed current during the rising edge if the driving frequency is low, but with a longer delay during the falling edge. The MW transmittance reaches a constant low level when the driving frequency is high enough. The plasma decay time in the HCD system is measured to be about 100 μs around a pressure of 120 Pa. The ambipolar diffusion is considered to be the major mechanism in the decay process.     

Relativistic R-matrix studies of photoionization processes of Ar^5＋

The 3s–np photoionization processes of the ground state 2P1/2 and the metastable state 2P3/2 of Ar5＋ are investigated using our recently developed relativistic R-matrix code, where the interactions between the bound states and the continuum states are included. Both resonance positions and the oscillator strengths are in much better agreement with the absolute experimental measurements by Wang et al.[Wang J C, Lu M, Esteves D, Habibi M, Alna’washi G and Phaneuf R A 2007 Phys. Rev. A 75 062712] with a resolution of 80 meV than their theoretical results. The contributions of the two experimental unresolved transitions are distinguished in our calculations, which show that the transitions from the ground state also make significant contributions to some resonances. Our theoretical results are also in good agreement with the measurements for the first resonance with a higher resolution of 20 meV.     

Cubature Kalman filters: Derivation and extension

This paper focuses on the cubature Kalman filters （CKFs） for the nonlinear dynamic systems with additive process and measurement noise. As is well known, the heart of the CKF is the third-degree spherical–radial cubature rule which makes it possible to compute the integrals encountered in nonlinear filtering problems. However, the rule not only requires computing the integration over an n-dimensional spherical region, but also combines the spherical cubature rule with the radial rule, thereby making it difficult to construct higher-degree CKFs. Moreover, the cubature formula used to construct the CKF has some drawbacks in computation. To address these issues, we present a more general class of the CKFs, which completely abandons the spherical–radial cubature rule. It can be shown that the conventional CKF is a special case of the proposed algorithm. The paper also includes a fifth-degree extension of the CKF. Two target tracking problems are used to verify the proposed algorithm. The results of both experiments demonstrate that the higher-degree CKF outperforms the conventional nonlinear filters in terms of accuracy.     

基于0-1稀疏循环矩阵的测量矩阵分离研究

当前压缩感知中测量矩阵的优化是测量阶段和重构阶段采用同一矩阵的事前优化。采用了以行变换为主的测量矩阵优化算法和过渡矩阵将压缩感知的测量矩阵和重构矩阵相分离,在测量阶段采用单像素相机的0-1稀疏矩阵,在重构阶段采用近似矩阵,这是区别于传统思路的测量数据和测量矩阵的事后优化方法。理论分析和实验结果表明,优化矩阵的性能好于稀疏循环矩阵,近似矩阵和优化矩阵具有相近的性能。研究成果降低了测量矩阵工程设计和实现的难度。     

红外低温相机视轴引出方法

测量红外低温相机的系统调制传递函数(MTF)需要借助于低温平行光管。由于红外低温相机探测器在常温下无法正常工作,并且红外低温相机、低温平行光管离轴抛物镜以及模拟靶标三者是空间分离的,因此实验前需要将相机的视轴引出到平行光管的视轴方向,同时将模拟靶标调整到平行光管焦面位置且靶标中心处于平行光管的中心视场。借助于干涉仪,利用经纬仪分别将相机视轴和平行光管视轴引出到外基准立方镜a和b,通过两立方镜坐标系的方向余弦矩阵关系,将红外低温相机的视轴引出到低温平行光管的视轴方向。对视轴引出精度进行了分析,给出了实验采集的图像。实验结果表明,系统MTF满足要求,同时表明红外低温相机视轴引出方法合理可行。     

Measurement and analysis of fission rates in a spherical mockup of uranium and polyethylene

Measurements of the reaction rate distribution were carried out using two kinds of Plate Micro Fission Chamber （PMFC）. The first is a depleted uranium chamber and the second an enriched uranium chamber. The material in the depleted uranium chamber is strictly the same as the material in the uranium assembly. With the equation solution to conduct the isotope contribution correction, the fission rate of 238U and 235U were obtained from the fission rate of depleted uranium and enriched uranium. Then, the fission count of 238U and 235U in an individual uranium shell was obtained. In this work, MCNP5 and continuous energy cross sections ENDF/BV.0 were used for the analysis of fission rate distribution and fission count. The calculated results were compared with the experimental ones. The calculation of fission rate of DU and EU were found to agree with the measured ones within 10% except at the positions in polyethylene region and the two positions near the outer surface. Because the fission chamber was not considered in the calculation of the fission counts of 238U and 235U, the calculated results did not agree well with the experimental ones.     

平行平板光学参数的快速高精度测量方法

提出一种基于特征多项式的波长移相干涉测量方法。首先,将该方法与两步绝对测量法结合,对多表面干涉技术进行理论研究;然后,以特征图和特征多项式理论为基础设计出一种加权多步波长移相算法,用于对平板的表面面形、光学厚度变化以及光学均匀性信息进行提取计算,并通过移相算法的评价函数及其傅里叶表达式展示了算法对误差的抗扰度;最后,将该算法与OPL算法进行对比。结果表明,所提方法在不同厚度平行平板光学均匀性的测量上具有速度快、精度高的优势。     

纳米孔道单分子电化学测量的低噪音控温系统研究

纳米孔道检测技术是一种利用单个分子测量界面实现在单分子水平上测量DNA、RNA、蛋白、多肽等生物分子的高灵敏的单分子检测技术. 由于单个分子与纳米孔道的相互作用受热力学控制,亟需精准控制纳米孔道单分子分析的实验温度. 因此,本文研制了一种低噪音控温系统用于具有皮安级电流分辨的纳米孔道单分子实验,以实现精确调控测量时的环境温度. 该系统利用半导体制冷片的热电效应对检测池环境加热/制冷,通过对高精度热敏电阻进行电磁屏蔽以实现在温度反馈的同时避免噪音的引入. 利用比例-积分-微分算法进行控制,达到高精度快速控温的要求. 该系统控温精度为±1 °C,无额外噪音引入至超灵敏纳米孔道单分子测量,获得了25 °C到5 °C下Poly(dA)5与单个气单胞菌溶素（Aerolysin）分子界面间作用产生信号的差异,应用于研究单分子与纳米孔道相互作用的热力学行为.     

添加有TiO2纳米颗粒的R11池沸腾换热研究

对添加有TiO2纳米颗粒的制冷剂R11在外径为22.4mm紫铜管外的池沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究.池沸腾饱和温度为35℃和40℃,纳米颗粒悬浮液的浓度为0.01g/l和0.05g/l.对铜管圆周上、下、前、后四个部位的局部换热情况进行了测量和可视化观察以及相应的粗糙度检测分析.结果发现,纳米颗粒的添加基本使管上部粗糙度降低,传热弱化,而使下部粗糙度增加,传热强化.就整体换热而言,40℃的强化换热效果好于30℃,0.01g/l的强化换热效果好于0.05g/l.     

低温纳米复合相变蓄冷材料热物性研究

低温相变蓄冷的关键是蓄冷材料的开发.本文针对啤酒工艺对冷源温度的要求,选择BaCl2共晶盐水溶液为相变蓄冷材料基液,在基液中添加粒径为20nm的TiO2纳米粒子,形成具有蓄冷功能的纳米复合材料.对其热物性如导热系数、相变潜热、相变温度、过冷度及粘度进行了实验测量和分析.结果表明,在TiO2纳米粒子的质量分数为1%的情况下,纳米复合蓄冷材料的导热系数比基液提高了11.28%,过冷度从3.97℃降为1.21℃,同时粘度增加了21.7%,相变潜热略有降低.