Quantum particles from coarse grained classical probabilities in phase space

Quantum particles can be obtained from a classical probability distribution in phase space by a suitable coarse graining, whereby simultaneous classical information about position and momentum can be lost. For a suitable time evolution of the classical probabilities and choice of observables all features of a quantum particle in a potential follow from classical statistics. This includes interference, tunneling and the uncertainty relation.     

Electrochemiluminescent Determination of Chlorphenamine Maleate Based on Ru(bpy)$\rm{ {_{3}^{2+}}}$ Immobilized in a Nano‐Titania/Nafion Membrane

The immobilization of tris(2,2'‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy) ] in a TiO₂/Nafion nanocomposites membrane modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was achieved via both an ion‐exchange process and hydrophobic interactions .The surface‐confined Ru(bpy) shows good electrochemical and photochemical activities. The Ru(bpy) underwent reversible surface process and reacted with chlorphenamine maleate (CPM) to produce electrochemiluminescence. The modified electrode was used for the ECL determination of CPM. It showed good linearity in the concentration range from 2×10^?8 g/mL to 1×10^?6 g/mL (R=0.9995) with a detection 6×10^?9 g/mL (S/N=3). The relative standard derivation (n=11) was 2%. This method is developed for the determination of CPM with simplicity and high sensitivity.     

Methane oxidation in a mixed ionic–electronic conducting ceramic hollow fibre reactor module

A reactor module, consisting of six gas-tight hollow fibre membranes made of the mixed ionic–electronic conducting perovskite, , has been tested for oxygen permeation and stability during methane oxidation in the temperature range of 540 to 960°C. Rigorous leak testing was undertaken and it was demonstrated that the module could be adequately sealed. Oxygen permeation fluxes were similar to those reported by previous workers. At higher temperatures of operation, it appeared that mass transfer limited the oxygen flux, as this flux was dependent upon the flow rates on either side of the membrane. In this way, reactant flow rates could be used to manipulate the transmembrane oxygen flux. It was found that the product distribution on the methane side was dependent upon this flux, with carbon monoxide and hydrogen production being favoured at low fluxes and carbon dioxide and water production being favoured at higher fluxes. Furthermore, at low oxygen flow rates, periodic increases in the transmembrane oxygen flux were observed. The cause of this behaviour is unclear but may be as a result of phase/stoichiometric changes associated with the membrane material.     

Operator equations and Moyal products–metrics in quasi-Hermitian quantum mechanics

The Moyal product is used to cast the equation for the metric of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian in the form of a differential equation. For Hamiltonians of the form p²+V(ix)$p^2+V(ix)$ with V polynomial this is an exact equation. Solving this equation in perturbation theory recovers known results. Explicit criteria for the hermiticity and positive definiteness of the metric are formulated on the functional level.     

A Class of Left E-adequate Semigroups

In this paper we establish a construction of a class of left E-adequate semigroups by using semilattices of cancellative monoids and fundamental left E-adequate semigroups. We first introduce concepts of type μ^＋（μ^＊,μ ） abundant semigroups and type μ^＋left E-adequate semigroups. In fact, regular semigroups are type μ^＋abundant semigroups and inverse semigroups are type μ^＋left E-adequate semigroups. Next, we construct a special kind of algebras called E^＋-product. It is proved that every E^＋-product is a type μ^＋left E-adequate semigroup, and every type μ^＋left E-adequate semigroup is isomorphic to an E^＋-product of a semilattice of cancellative monoids with a fundamental left E-adequate semigroup. Finally, as a corollary of the main result, it is deduced that every inverse semigroup is isomorphic to an E^＋-product of a Clifford semigroup by a fundamental inverse semigroup.     

Path integrals, the ABL rule and the three-box paradox

The three-box problem is analysed in terms of virtual pathways, interference between which is destroyed by a number of intermediate measurements. The Aharonov-Bergmann-Lebowitz (ABL) rule is shown to be a particular case of Feynman's recipe for assigning probabilities to exclusive alternatives. The ‘paradoxical’ features of the three box case arise in an attempt to attribute, in contradiction to the uncertainty principle, properties pertaining to different ensembles produced by different intermediate measurements to the same particle. The effect can be mimicked by a classical system, provided an observation is made to perturb the system in a non-local manner.     

Counting SL2（F2^s） Representations of Torus Knot Groups

In this paper,we count the number of SL2(F2^s)-representations of torus knot groups up to a conjugacy.For the finite field F2^s with character 2,the counting method is similar to that in out previous work[1].Explicit formulae of the effective counting are given in this paper.Twisted Alexander polynomials related to those reprsentations are discussed.     

Synthese und Struktur von M4Ta18O53 (M = Th,U); die ersten Vertreter eines neuen Strukturtyps à la Jahnberg

Synthesis and Structure of M₄Ta₁₈O₅₃ (M = Th, U); the First Representatives with a New Structure Type à la Jahnberg Colorless {brownblack}, hexagonal crystals of Th₄Ta₁₈O₅₃ {U₄Ta₁₈O₅₃} were obtained by chemical transport. Several mixtures of powders were used as starting materials for chemical transport reactions. Cl₂ or TaCl₅/Cl₂ were applied as transport agents in several temperature gradients. The lattice constants are a = 6.2554(5) Å {6.253(1) Å}, c = 27.709(5) Å {27.609(6) Å} and Z = 1. Structure determination in the space group P6₃/mcm (no. 193) let to R1 = 0.0269 (wR2 = 0.0629) {R1 = 0.0295 (wR2 = 0.0674)}. Thorium as well as Uran is surrounded by oxygen like an trans-bis-capped octahedron (CN = 8) and Tantalum1 and Tantalum2 like pentagonal-bipyramids (CN = 7). The formula (Th₂O₃)₂(Ta₃O₈)₆ corresponds to the principle of building for the ideal construction. Because of necessarity of valence compensation the number of O-atoms in the real structure is diminished by one. The Th? O- and U? O-coordination polyhedra are for themselves arranged to o-layers and the Ta1? O- and Ta2? O-bipyramids for each other to p-layers. These layers are edge linked along the c-axes with a sequence of p-p-p-o-p-p-p-o. In fact of this these compounds are the first examples of the new structure type p-p-p-o as a member of a structure-family first described by Jahnberg. The various members differ in the sequence of layers with octahedral (o) and pentagonal-bipyramids (p).     

Determination of Nb and Ta in Nb/Ta minerals by inductively coupled plasmas optical emission spectrometry using slurry sample introduction

The determination of Nb and Ta in Nb–Ta minerals was accomplished by slurry nebulization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), using a clog-free V-groove ceramic nebulizer. Samples were first wet-ground to appropriate particle sizes with narrow size distribution and 90% of the particles in the slurry were smaller than 2.32 μm in diameter. Subsamples were then dispersed in pH 9 aqueous solutions, and agitated in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min prior to analysis. Due to the lack of slurry standards matching well with the samples, calibration was simply carried out using aqueous solution standards. Results were compared with those obtained from a conventional fusion decomposition procedure and acid digestion procedures and a good agreement between the measured and referred values was obtained. The technique provided a good alternative for the rapid determination of Nb and/or Ta in their corresponding minerals.     

标准加入法测定铀铌陶瓷材料中微量钽的研究

采用标准加入-ICP/AES法对铀铌陶瓷材料中微量钽的测定进行了研究.当试液中铌的质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL,钽的测定范围是50～500 μg/g,回收率为106%～99.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为6.6%～3.1%.