Application of bar adsorptive microextraction to determine trace organic micro-pollutants in environmental water matrices

The present work proposes the application of bar adsorptive micro-extraction (BAµE) coated with an N-vinylpyrrolidone polymer (NVP) combined with micro-liquid desorption (200 µL) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (BAµE(NVP)-µLD/HPLC-DAD) for the determination of trace levels of emerging organic micro-pollutants in environmental water matrices. The model compounds selected include an antibacterial/antifungal agent (triclosan), two pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine and diclofenac) and two steroid hormones (17α-ethinylestradiol and 17β-estradiol), in which the latter three were recently included in the European Union watch list of substances to be monitored in the field of water policy. Assays performed on 25 mL of ultrapure water samples spiked at the 8.0 µg L^?1 level yielded average recoveries ranging from 81.9 to 102.4% for the compounds studied using optimised experimental conditions. The proposed analytical methodology demonstrated suitable detection limits (0.02–0.10 µg L^?1) and good linear dynamic ranges (0.1–20.0 µg L^?1) with determination coefficients higher than 0.9909. Using the standard addition method (SAM), the present analytical approach was applied on environmental water matrices, including surface, sea, river and groundwaters. The proposed method proved to be a suitable and alternative sorption-based static micro-extraction technique for monitoring trace levels of organic micro-pollutants in environmental water matrices.     

Measuring position and momentum together

We describe an operational scheme for determining both the position and momentum distributions in a large class of quantum states, together with an experimental implementation.     

Linear transformations of quantum states

This paper considers the most general linear transformation of a quantum state. We enumerate the conditions necessary to retain a physical interpretation of the transformed state: hermiticity, normalization and complete positivity. We show that these can be formulated in terms of an associated transformation introduced by Choi in 1975. We extend his treatment and display the mathematical argumentation in a manner closer to that used in traditional quantum physics. We contend that our approach displays the implications of the physical requirements in a simple and intuitive way. In addition, defining an arbitrary vector, we may derive a probability distribution over the spectrum of the associated transformation. This fixes the average of the eigenvalue independently of the vector chosen. The formal results are illustrated by a couple of examples.     

Accelerated beam tracing algorithm

Determining early specular reflection paths is essential for room acoustics modeling. Beam tracing algorithms have been used to calculate these paths efficiently, thus allowing modeling of acoustics in real-time with a moving listener in simple, or complex but densely occluded, environments with a stationary sound source. In this paper, it is shown that beam tracing algorithms can still be optimized by utilizing the spatial coherence in path validation with a moving listener. Since the precalculations required for the presented technique are relatively fast, the acoustic reflection paths can be calculated even for a moving source in simple cases. Simulations were performed to show how the accelerated algorithm compares with the basic algorithm with varying scene complexity and occlusion. Up to two-orders of magnitude speed-up was achieved.     

Hidden variables in quantum mechanics: Noncontextual generic models

The method of generic extensions (forcing) in quantum mechanics is applied to create hidden-variables models for certain systems of noncommuting quantum observables.     

A separable non-remainder of

We prove that there is a compact separable continuum that (consistently) is not a remainder of the real line.

     

Optimization of signal-to-noise ratio in integrated planar optical interconnects packages

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of integrated planar optical (IPO) board-to-board interconnections system is analyzed. The SNR is derived as a function of separation between the boards, beam spot size, optical system efficiency, receiver thermal noise, thickness of the substrate, and the angle of propagation of the beam. Based on the analyses and the results obtained it is shown that the design of optical interconnects system can be optimized for maximum SNR using at least one parameter, namely, angle of propagation.     

中低变质程度煤显微组分结构的13 C-NMR研究

利用13C-NMR核磁共振技术对中低变质程度煤显微组分（镜质组和惰质组）的分子结构进行了研究,计算了5种煤9个显微组分的13C-NMR结构参数,获得了样品的结构特征及变化规律。结果表明,惰质组结构中芳构化程度要高于镜质组;脂碳数量则少于镜质组,芳环上的烷烃侧链也没有镜质组长;随着煤变质程度的提高,煤分子中芳构化程度不断提高,但惰质组的芳香度随变质程度变化的规律明显不如镜质组;在中低变质阶段,对煤化进程起主导作用的的是芳构化作用而不是环缩合作用,但在惰质组中脂碳断裂形成芳环的现象不明显。惰质组中含氧官能团的总量要低于同等变质程度的镜质组。     

Paranormal spaces under

We prove that paranormal spaces of character are -
collectionwise Hausdorff assuming the set-theoretic principle . This gives an affirmative answer to problem 197 in Problems I wish I could solve, by W. S. Watson (Open Problems in Topology (1990), 37-76).

     

ICP—AES法测定高温合金中铌,钽,锆,铪——溶样及光谱干扰的进一步探讨

本文在原工作的基础上，继续探讨ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定高温合金中Ｎｂ，Ｔａ，Ｚｒ和Ｈｆ能溶样与光谱干扰问题，通过试验研究表明，上述问题的解决在合金样品分析中具有实际意义。