AC susceptibility of magnetic markers in suspension for liquid phase immunoassay

AC susceptibility of magnetic markers in solution was studied for biosensor applications. First, frequency dependence of the susceptibility was measured, and size distribution of the markers was estimated by analyzing the experimental result with the so-called singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The size distribution estimated with the magnetic measurement agreed with that obtained from conventional optical measurement. Next, susceptibility measurement was applied to the liquid-phase immunoassay without bound/free (B/F) separation. We performed the detection of biotin-coated polymer beads in suspension using avidin-coated magnetic markers. Changes of the susceptibility and the size distribution caused by the binding reaction were shown.     

Half-metallicity characteristic at zincblende CrSb(0 0 1) surfaces and its interfaces with GaSb(0 0 1) and InAs(0 0 1)

Electronic and magnetic properties of the zincblende CrSb(0 0 1) surfaces and its interfaces with GaSb(0 0 1) and InAs(0 0 1) semiconductors are studied within the framework of the density-functional theory using the FPLAPW+lo approach. We found that the Cr-terminated surfaces retain the half-metallic character, while the half-metallicity is destroyed for the Sb-terminated surfaces due to surface states, which originate from p electrons. The phase diagram obtained through the ab-initio atomistic thermodynamics shows that at phase transition has occurred. Also the half-metallicity character is preserved at both CrSb/GaSb and CrSb/InAs interfaces. The conduction band minimum (CBM) of CrSb in the minority spin case lies about 0.63 eV above that of InAs, suggesting that the majority spin can be injected into InAs without being flipped to the conduction bands of the minority spin. On the other hand the CrSb/GaSb interface has a greater valence band offset (VBO) compared with the CrSb/InAs interface and the minority electrons have lower contribution in the injected currents and hence more efficient spin injection into the GaSb semiconductor. Thus the CrSb/GaSb and CrSb/InAs heterojunctions can be useful in the field of spintronics.     

二维顶盖驱动半圆腔内流动MRT-LBM研究

本文采用多弛豫时间格子玻尔兹曼方法(multi relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method—MRT LBM)对二维顶盖驱动半圆腔内流动进行了数值模拟,得到了雷诺数为500～50000范围内半圆腔内流场分布情况。在二维顶盖驱动半圆腔流场中,随雷诺数的增大,流场内旋涡的数目逐渐增加,且流动依次呈现出稳定流、周期流、混沌流等状态。本文计算结果表明,MRT-LBM模型可显著提高计算的稳定性,适用于大范围的雷诺数流动情况。     

多体相互作用体系中的弛豫与扩散:一个尚未解决的问题

文章目的在于引起国内研究团体对一系列复杂相互作用体系中的弛豫和扩散的普适性进行关注.研究发现,无论是不同的化学结构(如无机物、有机物、聚合物、生物分子、胶体、金属和离子导电材料),还是不同的物理状态(如晶态、玻璃态、液体、熔体、混合体系和含水系统),以及不同的尺度(如从块体至纳米),这种普适性无处不在[K.L.Ngai.Relaxation and Diffusion in Complex Systems.NewYork:Springer,2011].该现象起源于多体系统的不可逆过程,取决于一些基本物理定律,与非简谐势引发的经典混沌有关.重新认识这种普适性不仅对众多不同领域的发展有利,而且能进一步弄清楚多体系统中的弛豫与扩散问题——一个重要而又未解决的物理问题.作者提出的耦合模型尽管不是一个严格而完整的答案,但却能够预测多体系统的弛豫和扩散特征,而且与实验结果吻合.基于该模型,绝大多数多体系统中的弛豫与扩散行为是相似的.该模型有望为这一难题的彻底解决奠定基石.     

基于NMR自旋弛豫技术的蛋白质动力学研究

蛋白质的三维结构在很多情况下不能很好地解释其在生理过程中的作用机制. 动力学研究能够获悉蛋白质在不同时间尺度下的内运动信息,建立起动态结构和生物功能的联系. 该文综述了通过NMR自旋弛豫技术研究蛋白质动力学的原理和方法：ps~ns的快运动分析主要采用约化谱密度函数映射和Modelfree方法;μs~ms的慢运动涉及化学/构象交换过程,常借助CPMG和R_1ρ弛豫色散手段. 基于NMR的蛋白质动力学研究,将蛋白质科学从三维空间结构推进到四维时空结构的新层面.     

Atomic and Magnetic Structure of the Interface in Multilayers

Temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of Fe/Ag vacuum evaporated multilayers was studied in a wide range of layer thickness. For Fe thickness larger than 1 nm continuous magnetic layers can be found, but its hyperfine field is significantly lower than that of pure α-Fe at elevated temperatures. It is attributed to a decrease of the Curie temperature due to Ag impurities in the Fe layer. Below 1 nm Fe thickness magnetic relaxation and the formation of a granular alloy with 35 T average hyperfine field was observed. Magnetoresistance results indicate the presence of Fe clusters in the Ag matrix, as well. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

核磁自旋回波串的液体分量分解快速反演法(英文)

该文叙述核磁自旋回波串的液体分量分解快速反演法.此方法假定液体,无论是在散装形式或饱和多孔介质中,可以用一个或一组核磁弛豫线形来表征.对一维核磁共振的拉普拉斯反演,它可以是预先确定的一个或一组T2或T1分布.对二维核磁共振的拉普拉斯反演,它可以是一个或一组预先确定的( D, T2)或( T1, T2)二维分布.对三维核磁共振的拉普拉斯反演,它可以是一个或一组预先设定的( D, T1, T2)三维分布.这些预先确定的线形,可以是高斯、B样条或预先由实验或经验确定的任何线形.这种方法可以显着降低核磁共振数据反演的计算时间,特别是从石油核磁共振测井采集的多维数据反演,它不需牺牲反演所得的分布的平滑性和准确性.这种方法的另一个新应用是作为一种约束求解方法来过滤相邻深度所采集的数据噪音.核磁共振测井的噪音信号,往往造成在相邻深度的同一岩性岩层有不同的T2分布.在此情况下, T2分布就不能用来识别岩性.通过非一般的矩阵操作,作者成功实现了对相邻深度的回波串实施约束求解方法,从而使得T2分布成为一种可靠的岩性识别指标.     

Temporal electronic structure of non-resonant Raman excited virtual state of P-nitroaniline by 514 nm excitation via bond polarisabilities

We have studied the temporal bond polarisabilities of para-nitroaniline from the Raman intensities by the algorithm proposed by Wu et al.in 1987 (Tian B,Wu G,Liu G 1987 J.Chem.Phys.87 7300).The bond polarisabilities provide much information concerning the electronic structure of the non-resonant Raman excited virtual state.At the initial moment by the 514.5 nm excitation,the tendency of the excited electrons (mapped out by the bond polarisabilities) is to spread to the molecular periphery,and the electronic structure of the Raman virtual state is close to the pseudo-quinonoidic state.When the final stage of relaxation is approached,the bond polarisabilities of those peripheral bonds relax faster than those closer to the molecular core,the phenyl ring.The molecule is in the benzenoidic form as demonstrated by the bond polarisabilities after relaxation.     

Discrimination of strain and temperature based on a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber incorporating an erbium-doped fiber

A simple sensing method for simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain is investigated by using a Sagnac fiber loop mirror composed of a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) incorporating an erbium-doped fiber (EDF). Amplified spontaneous emission created by a pumped EDF is transmitted to a Sagnac fiber loop mirror. The interference between two counter-propagating signals in a Sagnac fiber loop mirror generates a periodic transmission spectrum with respect to wavelength. When external temperature is increased, the transmission peak power reduces because the amplified spontaneous emission of the EDF is decreased by the applied temperature change (0.04 dB/°C). The peak wavelength is shifted into the shorter wavelength because of the negative temperature dependence of the birefringence of the PM-PCF (0.3 pm/°C). As the applied strain increases, the peak wavelength of the transmission spectrum of the Sagnac loop mirror incorporating the EDF shifts into a longer wavelength (1.3 pm/με) because the phase change of the proposed sensing probe is directly proportional to the applied strain. The transmission peak power, however, is not changed by the applied strain. Since the source and the sensing probe are integrated, the overall system configuration is significantly simplified without requiring any additional broadband light source. Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously measure temperature and strain by monitoring the variation of transmission peak power and peak wavelength, respectively.     

Surface reconstruction of clean bcc-Fe{1 1 0}: A quasi-hexagonal top-layer with periodic height modulation

Hexagonal-pillar shaped pure Fe single crystal whiskers with six {1 1 0} side planes were obtained by means of chemical vapor deposition. Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy images obtained on the {1 1 0} surface showed a quasi-hexagonal atomic array with mesoscopic-range periodic height modulation of about 1/3 of an atomic step. This height modulation was found to be a result of an interference between the quasi-hexagonal top-layer and the sub-surface bcc-Fe{1 1 0} layer. Unit vectors of the mesoscopic-range modulation turned out to be expressed as , where and are the primitive vectors of the two-dimensional atomic array in the top-layer and those in the sub-surface layer, respectively. The two-dimensional density of atoms in the top-layer is slightly higher by 0.46% than that in the sub-surface layer.