从混沌现象看物理与经济关系

本文描述了混沌现象和混沌系统，通过三个模型的建立，分析了混沌现象和经济关系，阐述了物理学的新延拓——经济物理学建立的重要性，以及经济物理学动作的方式、方法．     

剖析生活现象 探究自然规律

昭平地处亚热带，降雨量较多，雨后，落叶紧贴地面，很难清扫，其原因是什么呢?为此，我们决定成立研究性学习小组，同心协力来探究这一物理现象。     

热学中易混概念辨析

按照分子动理论的观点，热现象是与大量微观粒子的无规则运动(即热运动)密切相关的．为了描述热现象和分子热运动的规律和本质，物理学中引入了温度、内能、分子动能、分子平均动能、分子势能、热量等物理量．很多同学在学习过程中容易弄混这些概念，为了帮助同学们理解这些概念的内涵及相互区别，下面通过几道辨析题对相近概念进行逐一比较，希望对同学们有所启发．     

生命科学与热物理学再次相遇——生命系统中的热耦合问题

生命科学与热物理有共同的历史渊源，又在微观的细胞和分子的层次上，在宏观的生物个体以至生物圈的层次上，以及在生物工程的层次上有着紧密的联系．文章概括了生命科学对热物理学提出的一系列挑战性的科学问题，并认为对生命系统中热耦合现象的研究应是两个学科当前的结合点．     

Momentum Transfer Dependence of Two Types of the Broad Enhancement Phenomena： CO Spectra in the Valence Energy Region

Partial generalized oscillator strength densities of CO molecules related to the excitation of a 5σ or 1π electron are calculated by using multi-scattering self-consistent-field methods.Momentum transfer dependence of two types of the broad enhancement phenomena above the threshold with one-electron character,i.e. shape resonance and non-resonance enhancement,is studied.Our calculations show that the energy position of a non-resonance enhancement is related to the momentum transfer K.Therefore,electron impact based experiments can be used to identify the two types of the broad enhancement phenomena.     

Exact solutions for Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction-diffusion system

Abstract. We consider the following simplified model for the Belousou-Zhabotinskii(B-Z)reaction:     

大钟拍声的调整实验

阐明大钟拍声的发生原理,并用大钟振动拍的理论模型说明拍的特性,从而控制清晰度。在实验钟上附着质量,根据附着质量位置的不同,能够改变其非对称程度,进一步调整拍频,同时用有限元分析的结果和等效圆环理论计算的结果对比。引入等效圆环理论,通过建立一个理论上带有附加质量的轴对称圆环模型,达到具有和大钟相同的振动特性。根据模型,得到在大钟特定位置附加的质量,以同时调整所需拍的清晰度和周期。在大钟多个位置进行实验,并进行有限元分析,验证了该理论的有效性。     

MAGNETOMECHANICAL BEHAVIORS OF GIANT MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS

The Laves phase alloy Tb-Dy-Fe, commercially known as Terfenol-D, exhibits the giant room-temperature magnetostriction at moderate field strength of a few kOe due to its combination of high magnetostriction and low magnetocrystalline anisotropic energy. Thus, this pseudobinary rare earth iron compound has found quite a number of applications such as in magnetomechanical transducers, actuators and adaptive vibration control systems. The simultaneous measurements of magnetostriction and magnetization at various fixed compressive pre-stresses applied in the axial direction for Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 samples are presented. The results show that the magnetostriction increases with increasing compressive stress until it reaches 1742 ×10^6 under 25 MPa, so does the coercive magnetic field. And the hysteresis loop area for magnetization and magnetostriction also increases with the increment of applied compressive stresses. But the maximum magnetic susceptibility χ（dM/dH） is obtained under zero stress field and the strain derivative dλ/dH increases to the highest amplitude of 0.039×10^-6 A^-1m at a stress level of 5 MPa. In the strain versus magnetization intensity curve, the initial fiat stage mainly consisting of a 180° domain wall motion becomes shorter with increasing stress. It means more initial domains are driven to the transversal direction under the compressive stress before magnetization, which is consistent with the improvement of the magnetostriction.     

四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃的合成及聚集行为

对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃与溴乙酸乙酯反应,得到锥式、1,2-交替、1,3-交替和部分锥式构象的四取代衍生物;将锥式、1,2-交替和1,3-交替构象的四乙酸乙酯取代衍生物在氨的甲醇溶液中进行氨解得到相应的酰胺产物.通过核磁研究比较了氨解产物的自聚集情况.锥式构象四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子在氯仿溶剂中的分子间作用力很弱,容易溶剂化,溶剂中核磁谱图不能观察到分子聚集;而1,2-交替构象的四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子间存在相当强的作用力,在氯仿中的溶解性较差,核磁谱图表明分子在氯仿溶剂中有分子聚集的现象.1,3-交替构象的四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子可以形成一定的聚集体,在高浓度时是聚集体的形式;在浓度较低或者加入酸予以破坏时,溶液中是以单体的形式存在.