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排序方式: 共有220条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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在空间电荷主导电子束研究中,纵向聚焦非常重要,在输运过程中由于强空间电荷力的影响,束团将很快变长并崩溃,马里兰大学的电子环设计用于方形束团和抛物线形束团的研究,环中需要用三个感应腔对束团进行纵向聚焦.文中首先介绍了方形束团和抛物线形束团的纵向束流动力学,推导了两种束团纵向聚焦所需要的5MHz重复率高压脉冲波形,并给出了实现纵向聚焦的感应腔设计及其特殊要求. 相似文献
3.
Summary In this paper we show that the transverse mode evolution of a FEL operating with short pulses can be treated, in the small-signal
and low-gain regime, using a relatively simple mathematical technique leading to a potentially fast numerical algorithm. We
also point out that analytical solutions can be obtained for the cases where the slippage length is small compared to the
longitudinal bunch length. 相似文献
4.
Multiple-zero multiple-pole optical filter transfer functions may be implemented more efficiently in an integrated optics architecture if higher order N × M optical couplers are utilized. For example, a coherent ring resonator made from two 3×3 couplers offers some advantages over the three mirror Fabry-Perot etalon, which is its analog. To this end we develop the formalism for obtaining the transfer functions and scattering matrices of ring resonators made from two N × M couplers. We then present a methodology for analyzing serial and parallel systems of N × M optical coupler ring resonators. 相似文献
5.
Fritz Vögtle Edwin Weber 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1992,12(1-4):75-119
We thank the editors of this issue for the opportunity to present the historic development of crown chemistry at the Universities of Wurzburg and Bonn in memory of C. J. Pedersen, the originator of the crown ethers. His legacy of science has tremendously stimulated research at both universities.This paper is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr C. J. Pedersen. 相似文献
6.
Nitrogen ion implantation (24 keV, 4.6 × 1017 cm?2) into (100) a p‐type silicon wafer material and a subsequent electron beam annealing at 1100 °C for 15 s under high vacuum conditions leads to the formation of an uneven surface in the implanted region caused by nitrogen bubbles beneath the surface. Annealing at 1200 °C for 300 s results in surface cavities with a mean diameter of 350 nm and a surface coverage of 3–4% and an average depth of ~60 nm. Nuclear reaction analysis reveals that the nitrogen concentration in the as‐implanted state exceeds 57 at%, the value of stoichiometric Si3N4. Annealing at 1100 °C for 15 s slightly reduces the nitrogen peak concentration, whereas annealing at 1200 °C for 300 s induces a significant alteration to the shape of the nitrogen depth profile coupled with the lowering of the concentration close to the stoichiometry of Si3N4. The results present a new method of producing sub‐micrometre cavities embedded in a thin silicon nitride film on wafer silicon which may lead to novel micro‐electronic and biotechnology applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Howard Yi Fan Sim Jaslyn Ru Ting Chen Charlynn Sher Lin Koh Dr. Hiang Kwee Lee Dr. Xuemei Han Gia Chuong Phan-Quang Jing Yi Pang Dr. Chee Leng Lay Dr. Srikanth Pedireddy Dr. In Yee Phang Prof. Edwin Kok Lee Yeow Prof. Xing Yi Ling 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(39):17145-17151
The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) offers a sustainable solution towards ammonia production but suffers poor reaction performance owing to preferential catalyst–H formation and the consequential hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Now, the Pt/Au electrocatalyst d-band structure is electronically modified using zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) to achieve a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of >44 % with high ammonia yield rate of >161 μg mgcat−1 h−1 under ambient conditions. The strategy lowers electrocatalyst d-band position to weaken H adsorption and concurrently creates electron-deficient sites to kinetically drive NRR by promoting catalyst–N2 interaction. The ZIF coating on the electrocatalyst doubles as a hydrophobic layer to suppress HER, further improving FE by >44-fold compared to without ZIF (ca. 1 %). The Pt/Au-NZIF interaction is key to enable strong N2 adsorption over H atom. 相似文献
9.
Guangcan Xu Sbastien Leloux Pinglu Zhang Jorge Meijide Surez Yongmin Zhang Etienne Derat Mickaël Mnand Olivia Bistri‐Aslanoff Sylvain Roland Tom Leyssens Olivier Riant Matthieu Sollogoub 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(19):7591-7597
The encapsulation of copper inside a cyclodextrin capped with an N‐heterocyclic carbene (ICyD) allowed both to catch the elusive monomeric (L)CuH and a cavity‐controlled chemoselective copper‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones. Remarkably, (α‐ICyD)CuCl promoted the 1,2‐addition exclusively, while (β‐ICyD)CuCl produced the fully reduced product. The chemoselectivity is controlled by the size of the cavity and weak interactions between the substrate and internal C?H bonds of the cyclodextrin. 相似文献
10.
Transformation of flow turbulence structure with cavitation occurrence, determination of the flow conditions favorable for nucleation of cavitation bubbles, influence of the statistical structure of turbulence on this process and the inverse effect of cavitation on the flow dynamics are challenging problems in modern fluid mechanics. The paper reports on the results of statistical processing of the velocity fields measured by a PIV technique in cavitating flow over a 2D symmetric hydrofoil for four flow conditions, starting from a cavitation-free regime and finishing by unsteady cloud cavitation. We analyze basic information on the statistical structure of velocity fluctuations in the form of histograms and Q-Q diagrams along with profiles of the mean velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. The research reveals that the flow turbulence pattern and distributions of turbulent fluctuations change significantly with the cavitation development. Under unsteady cloud cavitation conditions, the probability density function of the fluctuating velocity has a two-mode distribution, which indicates switching of two alternating flow conditions in a region above the hydrofoil aft part due to periodic passing of cavitation clouds. Behaviors of the mean and most probable velocities unexpectedly appear to be different with a monotonous increase of the incoming flow velocity. This finding must be caused by modification of the skewness coefficient of the fluctuating velocity. 相似文献