污泥中重金属的形态分析及其可浸出性

以自来水厂和污水处理厂的污泥为研究对象,采用Tessier五步法和火焰原子吸收光谱法研究污泥中重金属（Zn、Cu、Cd、Ni、Mn）含量、形态分布以及可浸出性。结果发现,在自来水厂污泥和污水处理厂污泥中重金属总量大小依次为Zn〉Mn〉Ni〉Cu〉Cd,Zn〉Mn〉Cu〉Ni〉Cd,污泥中Zn含量最高,为448.17mg.kg-1;Cd含量最低,为27.17mg.kg-1,超过国家标准,限制了污泥的农用。Tessier形态分析结果表明,污泥中Zn、Cu、Cd主要以稳定态存在;Mn主要以有效态存在,潜在的迁移性和植物毒性最值得关注;Cu浸出率最高,为14.8%,Zn浸出率最低,为0.11%,因此浸出率不仅与金属和污泥的特性有关,而且金属在污泥中赋存的化学形态对其可浸出性也有重要的影响。     

Analytical methods for the characterization and the leachability evaluation of a solid waste generated in a phosphoric acid production plant

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) are present in the environment and can be concentrated by technical activities, particularly those involving natural resources. These NORM deposits are highly stable and very insoluble under environmental conditions at the earth's surface. However reducing or oxidant conditions or pH changes may enable a fraction of naturally occurring radionuclides to eventually be released to the environment. In this paper the analytical methods to determine the chemical and radiochemical composition of a solid waste generated in an acid phosphoric production plant was shown. The sample, analysed by gamma spectrometry and radiochemical methods, contained ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po and a high activity concentration of uranium isotopes but it shows a very low quantity of ²²⁶Ra. Also a sequential extraction method consisting of five operationally-defined fractions was used to evaluate the leachability of uranium isotopes, ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po. The average leaching potential observed in the sample is 97.6% for ²³⁸U, 93.2% for ²¹⁰Pb and 82.4% for ²¹⁰Po. Moreover the results show that ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po are leachable under only extreme conditions, whereas uranium is very more soluble.     

HPLC determination of residual monomers released from heat-cured acrylic resins

HPLC was used to examine the leachability of three non-phthalic and four phthalic post-polymerized residual monomers from three commercially available heat-cured acrylic resins. Specimens of equal dimensions were constructed from each brand of material by following the standardized procedure and were stored under three different conditions, namely, distilled water, artificial saliva, and a binary mixture of ethanol/water. The resulting liquids provided samples for analysis by HPLC. Three different experiments were performed for each brand of acrylic and each storage condition in order to examine the effects of parameters, particularly time and temperature. The results obtained from this study suggest that a wide spectrum of residues diffuse out of the three examined acrylic resin materials. The non-phthalic compounds were leached at high concentrations, whereas all the phthalates examined exhibited different degrees of elusion commensurate with the storage condition, brand of material, and type of experiment. It seems that a significant quantity of non-phthalic and phthalic residues diffuse out of the acrylic resin materials examined. The main component extracted was methyl methacrylate, the level of which seems to be time-dependent and decreases for a period of up to 5 days when resins are stored in distilled water at room temperature.