聚变中子产额铜活化测定法γ-γ符合计数系统的研制

 介绍了测定聚变中子产额铜活化法的原理 、γ-γ符合计数系统、软件结构和功能、标定等。γ-γ符合计数系统中,辐照样品的计数指令发出后,计数、存储、数据处理到输出最终测量报告,全部由计算机进行控制,提高了数据的可靠性和工作效率。     

2018年5期 电子期刊

研究了不同Mn/Pb量比的Mn掺杂CsPbCl₃（Mn：CsPbCl₃）钙钛矿量子点的发光性质。Mn/Pb的量比增加引起的Mn²⁺发光峰的红移,被认为是来源于高浓度Mn²⁺掺杂下的Mn²⁺-Mn²⁺对。进一步研究了Mn：CsPbCl₃量子点的发光效率与Mn/Pb的量比之间的关系,发现随着量比达到5：1时,其发光效率明显下降。这种发光效率下降是由于Mn掺杂浓度引起的发光猝灭。Mn：CsPbCl₃量子点的变温发光光谱证实,随着温度的升高,Mn离子发光峰蓝移,线宽加宽,但其发光强度明显增加。     

氘核与聚变中子耦合输运方法及应用

对加速器驱动中子发生器的数值模拟包括离子输运、聚变反应、中子输运等。由于核反应截面远低于带电粒子输运的库仑截面,且核反应平均自由程远大于靶厚度,直接蒙卡抽样难以抽到聚变反应。在MCNPX程序基础上,采用“强迫”聚变方法,即每个入射氘核必发生一次聚变反应,聚变反应处氘核的真实状态(位置、能量和方向)以抽样产生,并以此状态来确定聚变中子的出射状态,实现了氘核与聚变中子的耦合输运模拟计算。研究结果表明,该方法能够给出氘核输运对聚变中子能谱和角分布的影响,中子产额计算结果符合预期。     

Functionality of novel black silicon based nanostructured surfaces studied by TOF SIMS

A functionality of the novel black silicon based nanostructured surfaces (BS 2) with different metal surface modifications was tested by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF SIMS). Mainly two surface functions were studied: analytical signal enhancement and analyte pre-ionization effect in SIMS due to nanostructure type and the assistance of the noble metal surface coating (Ag or Au) for secondary ion formation. As a testing analyte a Rhodamine 6G was applied. Bi⁺ has been used as SIMS primary ions. It was found out that SIMS signal enhancement of the analyte significantly depends on Ag layer thickness and measured ion mode (negative, positive). The best SIMS signal enhancement was obtained at BS2 surface coated with 400 nm of Ag layer. SIMS fragmentation schemes were developed for a model analyte deposited onto a silver and gold surface. Significant differences in pre-ionization effects can play an important role in the SIMS analysis due to identification and spectra interpretation.     

低速Xe~(q+)(4≤q≤20)离子与Ni表面碰撞中的光辐射

实验中测量了0.38V_(Bohr)(460 keV)高电荷态Xe~(q+)(4≤q≤20)离子轰击高纯Ni表面发射的400-510 nm光谱.实验结果包括NiⅠ原子谱线,NiⅡ离子谱线,以及入射离子中性化发射的XeⅠ,XeⅡ和XeⅢ谱线.研究了谱线XeⅡ410.419,XeⅢ430.444,XeⅡ434.200,XeⅡ486.254,NiⅠ498.245,NiⅠ501.697,NiⅠ503.502,NiⅠ505.061和NiⅠ508.293 nm的光子产额随着入射离子电荷态的变化.结果表明,入射离子中性化和溅射Ni原子发射谱线的光子产额随着入射离子电荷态的增加而增加,其趋势与入射离子势能一致.     

铝的动态屈服强度测量及再加载弹性前驱波的形成机理分析

利用激光干涉测速技术(VISAR)测量LY12铝合金在20—34 GPa冲击压力下经历加载-卸载和加载-再加载过程的样品/窗口界面粒子速度剖面,采用AC方法确定了具有较高精度的动态屈服强度值.实验结果和文献发表的数据具有较好的一致性.通过以平面焊接方式制作组合飞片,克服了组合飞片在气炮发射过程中可能发生分离的技术困难,使铝的动态屈服强度测量压力范围从22 GPa扩展到了34 GPa.同时,根据对不同实验条件下的加载-再加载过程的比较,对再加载弹性前驱波的形成机理进行了讨论,认为位错是形成该现象的主要原因. 关键词： 动态屈服强度 AC方法 弹性前驱波 VISAR     

Improvement of photoemission performance of a gradient-doping transmission-mode GaAs photocathode

Two types of transmission-mode GaAs photocathodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy are compared in terms of activation process and spectral response, one has a gradient-doping structure and the other has a uniform-doping structure. The experimental results show that the gradient-doping photocathode can obtain a higher photoemission capability than the uniform-doping one. As a result of the downward graded band-bending structure, the cathode performance parameters, such as the electron average diffusion length and the surface electron escape probability obtained by fitting quantum yield curves, are greater for the gradient-doping photocathode. The electron diffusion length is within a range of from 2.0 to 5.4 μm for doping concentration varying from 10¹⁹ to 10¹⁸ cm^-3 and the electron average diffusion length of the gradient-doping photocathode achieves 3.2 μm.     

Towards local rheology of emulsions under Couette flow using Dynamic Light Scattering

We present local velocity measurements in emulsions under shear using heterodyne Dynamic Light Scattering. Two emulsions are studied: a dilute system of volume fraction φ = 20% and a concentrated system with φ = 75%. Velocity profiles in both systems clearly show the presence of wall slip. We investigate the evolution of slip velocities as a function of shear stress and discuss the validity of the corrections for wall slip classically used in rheology. Focussing on the bulk flow, we show that the dilute system is Newtonian and that the concentrated emulsion is shear-thinning. In the latter case, the curvature of the velocity profiles is compatible with a shear-thinning exponent of 0.4 consistent with global rheological data. However, even if individual profiles can be accounted for by a power law fluid (with or without a yield stress), we could not find a fixed set of parameters that would fit the whole range of applied shear rates. Our data, thus, raise the question of the definition of a global flow curve for such a concentrated system. These results show that local measurements are a crucial complement to standard rheological tools. They are discussed in the light of recent works on soft glassy materials. Received 1 November 2002 and Received in final form 8 January 2003 / Published online: 1 April 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: salmon@crpp.u-bordeaux.fr     

Elasticity and plasticity of two-dimensional amorphous solid layers of β-lactoglobulin

We investigate the mechanical properties of a two-dimensional amorphous solid. It is formed spontaneously by the adsorption of a protein (the β-lactoglobulin) at the surface of water. We measure its mechanical response in both elastic and plastic regimes by applying a point-like force (using a glass fiber). We compare our results with previous measurements of shear moduli using a floating torsion device. Received: 10 February 2003 / Accepted: 23 April 2003 / Published online: 27 May 2003 RID="a" ID="a"Present address: Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK; e-mail: sc374@phy.cam.ac.uk RID="b" ID="b"e-mail: graner@ujf-grenoble.fr