非设计工况下1＋1／2对转涡轮性能研究

为了研究和改善1 1/2对转涡轮性能,本文对1 1/2对转涡轮两种转速下不同落压比共16种工况进行了数值研究,并与实验结果进行了对照.结果表明近设计工况下计算结果和实验值吻合较好.1 1/2对转涡轮出口背压对高压转子性能影响较小,对低压转子性能影响较大,这导致变工况下1 1/2对转涡轮高低压轴出功比变化较大.通过对某典型非设计工况和设计工况下的流场结构的分析发现非设计工况下1 1/2对转涡轮高压动叶中发生了明显的流动分离.高低压动叶不能很好地匹配,需要采取合理的流动控制措施去改善已有1 1/2对转涡轮的变工况性能.     

First-principles study of the (0 0 1) surface of cubic SrZrO3

Density functional calculations have been used to investigate the (0 0 1) surface of cubic SrZrO₃ with both SrO and ZrO₂ termination. Surface structure and electronic structure have been obtained. The SrO surface is found to be similar to its counterpart in SrTiO₃, while there are marked differences between the ZrO₂ and TiO₂ terminations in SrZrO₃ and SrTiO₃, respectively, concerning surface relaxation and rumpling. For the ZrO₂-terminated surface of SrZrO₃, the covalency of the interaction between the outmost Zr and the O beneath is enhanced as a result of their bond contraction. The band gap reduction and the presence of the surface states are also discussed in relation with the behavior of the electrostatic potential.     

一种计算工作时间参数新方法

为了编制和优化施工进度计划,计算构成施工项目的各项工作最早开始时间、最迟开始时间、最早完成时间、最迟完成时间、总时差和自由时差等时间参数十分重要.提出了一种计算工作时间参数新方法.该方法以工作完成时间为决策变量,通过建立和求解线性规划模型来得到各种工作时间参数.其建模思路清晰,不需绘制网络图,能用通用办公软件EXCEL求解.模拟计算表明,用该方法与用标准网络计划技术计算出的工作时间参数完全一致.     

Anisotropy of electron structure at InAs(1 1 1) surfaces by laser pump-and-probe photoemission spectroscopy

The electronic structure and the electron dynamics of the clean InAs(1 1 1)A 2 × 2 and the InAs(1 1 1)B 1 × 1 surfaces have been studied by laser pump-and-probe photoemission spectroscopy. Normally unpopulated electron states above the valence band maximum (VBM) are filled on the InAs(1 1 1)A surface due to the conduction band pinning above the Fermi level (E_F). Accompanied by the downward band banding alignment, a charge accumulation layer is confined to the surface region creating a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The decay of the photoexcited carriers above the conduction band minimum (CBM) is originated by bulk states affected by the presence of the surface. No occupied states were found on the InAs(1 1 1)B 1 × 1 surface. This fact is suggested to be due to the surface stabilisation by the charge removal from the surface into the bulk. The weak photoemission intensity above the VBM on the (1 1 1)B surface is attributed to electron states trapped by surface defects. The fast decay of the photoexcited electron states on the (1 1 1)A and the (1 1 1)B surfaces was found to be τ_1 1 1 A ? 5 ps and τ_1 1 1 B ?  4 ps, respectively. We suggest the diffusion of the hot electrons into the bulk is the decay mechanism.     

Unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles for electromagnetic elastodynamics

According to the basic idea of classical yin-yang complementarity and modern dual-complementarity, in a simple and unified new way proposed by Luo, the unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles for electromagnetic elastodynamics can be established systematically. This new variational principles can fully characterize the initial-boundary-value problem of this dynamics. In this paper, the expression of the generalized principle of virtual work for electromagnetic dynamics is given. Based on this equation, it is possible not only to obtain the principle of virtual work in electromagnetic dynamics, but also to derive systematically the complementary functionals for eleven-field, nine-field and six-field unconventional Hamilton-type variational principles for electromagnetic elastodynamics, and the potential energy functionals for four-field and three-field ones by the generalized Legendre transformation given in this paper. Furthermore, with this approach, the intrinsic relationship among various principles can be explained clearly.     

用功的互等定理求解矩形薄板的自然频率

从虚功原理出发，证明了薄板小挠度弯曲问题的功的互等定理，并由此推出了求解矩形薄板自然频率的公式．算例表明，该公式计算简便，精度较高．     

Optimal paths for a light-driven engine with a linear phenomenological heat transfer law

An irreversible light-driven engine is described in this paper, in which the heat transfer between the working fluid and the environment obeys a linear phenomenological heat transfer law [ q ∝Δ(T -1)], with a working fluid composed of the bimolecular reacting system 2SO 3 F■S 2 O 6 F2. Piston trajectories maximizing work output and minimizing entropy generation are determined for such an engine with rate-dependent loss mechanisms of friction and heat leakage. The optimal control theory is applied to determi...     

激光等离子体微推进技术的研究进展

为了加快激光等离子体微推进技术(μLPP)在航天领域的应用,介绍了该项技术近10年的发展状况。讨论了激光等离子体微推进技术发展过程中衍生出的各种工作模式,并简略分析了不同工作模式的优缺点。着重介绍了靶特性对激光微推进性能的影响,包括靶材的选择、靶的结构、靶材掺杂,以及靶物相特性等。针对该项技术的最终发展目标是研制微小卫星姿轨控的激光等离子体微推力器(μLPT),介绍并分析了美国Phipps小组开展的激光微推力器的研制工作。最后,指出了激光等离子体微推进技术目前存在的一些问题,并展望了它的发展前景。     

双稳系统的随机能量共振和作功效率

分析了处于双稳系统中的布朗粒子与外界的周期性外力和热随机力的功、热交互作用,建立了基于Langevin方程的随机能量平衡方程.围绕着受周期力、随机力和阻尼力共同作用的Langevin方程,采用动力学和非平衡热力学相结合的方法,从以"力"为立足点转到以"能量"为研究核心,深入分析了布朗粒子沿单一轨线运动时系统与环境之间的能量交换和作功效率,揭示了双稳系统的随机能量共振现象. 关键词： 双稳系统 随机能量共振 作功效率     

线性唯象传热定律下光驱动发动机的最优路径

以存在热漏、摩擦等不可逆性,以双分子反应系统2SO3FS2O6F2为工质的光驱动发动机为研究对象,考虑工质与环境之间传热服从线性唯象传热定律[q∝Δ(T-1)],分别以输出功最大和熵产生最小为目标对整个循环活塞运动的最优路径进行研究.利用最优控制理论得出了活塞运动路径及工质温度的最优构型,给出了最优构型的数值算例,并与牛顿传热定律[q∝Δ(T)]下的最优构型进行了比较.