全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22596篇 |
免费 | 2830篇 |
国内免费 | 1504篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5567篇 |
晶体学 | 72篇 |
力学 | 2310篇 |
综合类 | 339篇 |
数学 | 13742篇 |
物理学 | 4900篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 26篇 |
2023年 | 271篇 |
2022年 | 356篇 |
2021年 | 455篇 |
2020年 | 578篇 |
2019年 | 534篇 |
2018年 | 558篇 |
2017年 | 761篇 |
2016年 | 1002篇 |
2015年 | 839篇 |
2014年 | 1143篇 |
2013年 | 1709篇 |
2012年 | 1191篇 |
2011年 | 1237篇 |
2010年 | 1099篇 |
2009年 | 1412篇 |
2008年 | 1553篇 |
2007年 | 1433篇 |
2006年 | 1234篇 |
2005年 | 1047篇 |
2004年 | 917篇 |
2003年 | 1003篇 |
2002年 | 861篇 |
2001年 | 623篇 |
2000年 | 651篇 |
1999年 | 630篇 |
1998年 | 500篇 |
1997年 | 507篇 |
1996年 | 335篇 |
1995年 | 305篇 |
1994年 | 255篇 |
1993年 | 179篇 |
1992年 | 155篇 |
1991年 | 156篇 |
1990年 | 148篇 |
1989年 | 117篇 |
1988年 | 116篇 |
1987年 | 100篇 |
1986年 | 82篇 |
1985年 | 121篇 |
1984年 | 95篇 |
1983年 | 51篇 |
1982年 | 69篇 |
1981年 | 61篇 |
1980年 | 85篇 |
1979年 | 71篇 |
1978年 | 57篇 |
1977年 | 74篇 |
1976年 | 60篇 |
1974年 | 30篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
131.
Ryusuke Kon 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2006,134(10):3025-3034
We establish an exclusion principle in discrete-time Kolmogorov systems by using average Liapunov functions. The exclusion principle shows that a weakly dominant species with a convex logarithmic growth rate function eliminates species with concave logarithmic growth rate functions. A general result is applied to specific population models. This application gives an improved exclusion principle for the specific population models.
132.
Consider a portfolio containing heterogeneous risks. The premiums of the policyholders might not cover the amount of the payments which an insurance company pays the policyholders. When setting the premium, this risk has to be taken into consideration. On the other hand the premium that the insured pays has to be fair. This fairness is measured by a function of the difference between the risk and the premium paid—we call this function a distance function. For a given small probability of insolvency, we find the premium for each class, such that the distance function is minimized. Next we formulate and solve the dual problem, which is minimizing the insolvency probability under the constraint that the distance function does not exceed a given level. This paper generalizes a previous paper [Zaks, Y., Frostig, E., Levikson, B., 2006. Optimal pricing of a heterogeneous portfolio for a given risk level. Astin Bull. 36 (1), 161–185] where only a square distance function was considered. 相似文献
133.
Bernardo Lafuerza-Guillén Donal O’regan Reza Saadati 《Proceedings Mathematical Sciences》2007,117(1):61-70
We introduce the concept of quotient in PN spaces and give some examples. We prove some theorems with regard to the completeness
of a quotient. 相似文献
134.
Tiago Buckup Timo Lebold Alexander Weigel Wendel Wohlleben Marcus Motzkus 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》2006,180(3):314-321
Biomolecules very often present complex energy deactivation networks with overlapping electronic absorption bands, making their study a difficult task. This can be especially true in transient absorption spectroscopy when signals from bleach, excited state absorption and stimulated emission contribute to the signal. However, quantum control spectroscopy can be used to discriminate specific electronic states of interest by applying specifically designed laser pulses. Recently, we have shown the control of energy flow in bacterial light-harvesting using shaped pump pulses in the visible and the selective population of pathways in carotenoids using an additional depletion pulse in the transient absorption technique. Here, we apply a closed-loop optimization approach to β-carotene using a spatial light modulator to decipher the energy flow network after a multiphoton excitation with a shaped ultrashort pulse in the near-IR. After excitation, two overlapping bands were detected and identified as the S1 state and the first triplet state T1. Using the transient absorption signal at a specific probe delay as feedback, the triplet signal could be optimized over the singlet contribution. 相似文献
135.
Active flow-separation control is an effective and efficient mean for drag reduction and unsteady load alleviation resulting
from locally or massively separated flow. Such a situation occurs in configurations where the aerodynamic performance is of
secondary importance to functionality. The performance of heavy transport helicopters and aeroplanes, having a large, and
almost flat, aft loading ramp suffer from the poor aerodynamics of the aft body. Hence, a combined experimental and numerical
investigation was undertaken on a generic transport aeroplane/helicopter configuration. The experimental study provided surface
pressures, direct drag measurements, surface and smoke flow visualization. The baseline flow was numerically analyzed, using
finite volume solutions of the RANS equations. The baseline flow around the model was insensitive to the Reynolds number in
the range it was tested. The flow separating from the aft body was characterized by two main sources of drag and unsteadiness.
The first is a separation bubble residing at the lower ramp corner and the second is a pair of vortex systems developing and
separating from the sides of the ramp. As the model incidence is decreased, the pair of vortex systems also penetrates deeper
towards the centerline of the ramp, decreasing the pressure and increasing the drag. As expected, the ramp lower corner bubble
was highly receptive to periodic excitation introduced from four addressable piezo-fluidic actuators situated at the ramp
lower corner. Total drag was reduced by 3–11%, depending on the model incidence. There are indications that the flow in the
wake of the model is also significantly steadier when the bubble at the lower ramp corner is eliminated. The vortex system
is tighter and steadier when the ramp-corner bubble is eliminated. 相似文献
136.
Zuo-liang Xu 《应用数学学报(英文版)》2007,23(4):629-636
In this paper,we study mixed elastico-plasticity problems in which part of the boundary is known,while the other part of the boundary is unknown and is a free boundary.Under certain conditions,this problemcan be transformed into a Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem for analytic functions and a mixed boundaryvalue problem for complex equations.Using the theory of generalized analytic functions,the solvability of theproblem is discussed. 相似文献
137.
本文给出了四次函数实零点的完全判据和正定条件,这一结果在研究多项式系统的奇点分析和分支问题时给出了可以实用的判据. 相似文献
138.
G.J. Zalmai Qing-hong Zhang 《应用数学学报(英文版)》2007,23(2):217-234
In this paper,we discuss a large number of sets of global parametric sufficient optimality condi-tions under various gcneralized (η,ρ)-invexity assumptions for a semi-infinite minmax fractional programmingproblem. 相似文献
139.
加权建模是必要的,微分建模是重要的,把二者结合起来,进行加权微分建模既必要也重要.给出了常用模型的微分建模结果,讨论了加权建模中的计算和权重选择问题,探讨了加权微分建模的思路和方法,并结合典型数据验证了该方法的有效性和稳定性.象加权建模一样,加权微分建模的精度、实用价值等,是和权重确定得合理与否紧密相联;应先进行模拟,以与近期实际值或典型样本相差最小的参数所对应的模型为准. 相似文献
140.
Fluoride effect on the palladium–phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of nitroarenes to carbamates
Michela Gasperini Fabio Ragaini Sergio Cenini Emma Gallo Simone Fantauzzi 《应用有机金属化学》2007,21(9):782-787
Fluorides promote the palladium–phenanthroline catalyzed carbonylation of nitroarenes to carbamates. The effect is more evident on the rate of the reaction at short reaction times, but a positive effect on selectivity is also observed under certain conditions. The effect is observed even under conditions under which chloride inhibits the reaction. Tetraethylammonium is a better countercation than sodium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献