人力资本钳制的契约分析

为增强企业竞争，企业需要进行专用性人力资本投资，由于契约的不完全性和人力资本的特性，可能产生钳制(hold—up)问题，导致企业事前投资激励不足。本通过一种重新谈判机制的契约设计，提出了一种解决方案。     

A machine learning approach to process improvement in a telecommunications company

Redesigning and improving business processes to better serve customer needs has become a priority in service industries as they scramble to become more competitive. This paper describes an approach to process improvement that is being developed collaboratively by applied researchers at US WEST, a major telecommunications company, and the University of Colorado. Motivated by the need to streamline and to add more quantitative power to traditional quality improvement processes, the new approach uses an artificial intelligence (AI) statistical tree growing method that uses customer survey data to identify operations areas where improvements are expected to affect customers most. This AI/statistical method also identifies realistic quantitative targets for improvement and suggests specific strategies (recommended combinations of actions) that are predicted to have high impact. This research, funded in part by the Colorado Advanced Software Institute (CASI) in an effort to stimulate profitable innovations, has resulted in a practical methodology that has been used successfully at US WEST to help set process improvement priorities and to guide resource allocation decisions throughout the company.     

化工,石油产品及硅酸盐分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“化工，石油产品及硅酸盐分析”课题的第五次评述。它评述了１９９３年７月至１９９５年６月国内关于化工产品，石油产品，硅酸盐的分析进展情况及我国化工，石油及硅酸盐产品标准，共引用文献５３９篇。     

企业知识管理风险预警方法及其应用

本在建立企业知识管理风险预警指标体系的基础上，研究了企业知识管理的风险预警方法，并用实例说明了该方法的具体应用过程。     

化工、石油产品及硅酸盐分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“化工、石油产品及硅酸盐分析”课题的第七次评述,评述了１９９７ 年７ 月至１９９９ 年６ 月国内关于化工产品、石油产品、硅酸盐的分析进展,引用文献７０９ 篇。     

Complete quality analysis of commercial surface-active products by Fourier-transform near infrared spectroscopy

Using proper calibration data Fourier-transform near infrared spectroscopy is used for developing multivariate calibrations for different analytical determinations routinely used in the surfactants industry. Four products were studied: oleyl-cetyl alcohol polyethoxylated, cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and nonylphenol polyethoxylated (NPEO). Calibrations for major as well as very low concentrated compounds were achieved and every model was validated through linearity, bias, accuracy and precision tests, showing good results and the viability of NIR spectroscopy as a full quality control method for this products. Duplicate and complete analysis on a single sample takes at most 3 min, requiring neither sample preparation nor the use of reagents. The analytical reference procedures involved in this work represent the typical ones used in the industry and the NIR method shows good results in the analysis of components with weight concentrations less than 1%.     

Near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration for the quantitative determination of certain properties in the petrochemical industry

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric techniques allows on-line monitoring in real time, which can be of considerable use in industry. If it is to be correctly used in industrial applications, generally some basic considerations need to be taken into account, although this does not always apply. This study discusses some of the considerations that would help evaluate the possibility of applying multivariate calibration in combination with NIR to properties of industrial interest. Examples of these considerations are whether there is a relation between the NIR spectrum and the property of interest, what the calibration constraints are and how a sample-specific error of prediction can be quantified. Various strategies for maintaining a multivariate model after it has been installed are also presented and discussed.     

First proficiency test for the determination of NORM in contaminated soil from the oil field

The Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), in cooperation with the Arabic Atomic Energy Agency (AAEA), has initiated the first proficiency test exercise for the determination of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in contaminated soil from the oil field. The soil sample was collected from one of the most highly radioactively contaminated lagoons with production water in the Syrian oil fields, which was then prepared, characterised and certified according to a standard procedure. Samples were dispatched to laboratories from eight Arab countries; Kuwait, Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia, Jordan, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Libya and Syria. The results were evaluated using three statistical criteria; z-score, the U _test score and the relative bias. These statistical methods were used to evaluate the performance of each laboratory, in addition to the overall evaluation for each radionuclide. This evaluation has indicated that 57% and 86% of the results passed the criteria set for precision and accuracy applied for this test in relation to ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra, respectively. These two radionuclides are considered to be the most important radionuclides in the oil industry.     

Determination of poisonous metals in wastewater collected from paint manufacturing plant using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was developed for determination of toxic metals in wastewater collected from local paint manufacturing plant. The plasma was generated by focusing a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm on the solid residue from wastewater collected from paint industry. The concentration of different elements of environmental significance like, lead, copper, chromium, calcium, sulphur, magnesium, zinc, titanium, strontium, nickel, silicone, iron, aluminum, barium, sodium, potassium and zirconium, in paint wastewater were 6, 3, 4, 301, 72, 200, 20, 42, 4, 1, 35, 120, 133, 119, 173, 28 and 12 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The evaluation of potential and capabilities of LIBS as a rapid tool for paint industry effluent characterization is discussed in detail. Optimal experimental conditions were evaluated for improving the sensitivity of our LIBS system through parametric dependence study. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) results were compared with the results obtained using standard analytical technique such as inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP). The relative accuracy of our LIBS system for various elements as compared with ICP method is in the range of 0.03-0.6 at 2.5% error confidence. Limits of detection (LOD) of our LIBS system were also estimated for the above mentioned elements.     

中国高端装备制造业的技术创新能力:2004～2014

为了评价中国高端装备制造业的技术创新能力,采用技术创新投入、技术创新开展、技术获取和技术创新产出等4个一级指标,以及RD经费、专利申请数等9个二级指标,构建了中国高端装备制造业技术创新能力的评价指标体系.依据这些评价指标体系分析和评价了中国通用设备制造业、专用设备制造业等六大类高端装备制造业在2004~2014年间的技术创新能力.根据评价结果,针对不同产业存在的具体问题,提出了加强产业技术创新能力建设的对策.