流通产业市场治理结构的理论分析

产业运行的市场治理主要是指交易过程中以契约、成本和价格等为核心的市场调节,属于基础经济理论层级上的治理结构;当市场治理面临竞争和垄断时,它在一定程度上也包括政府产业规制;当我们将流通领域作为一个独立产业部门对待时,政府较少对流通产业进行规制以及流通产业竞争充分的事实,使大部分经济学家倾向于认为流通产业的市场治理可以不包括政府产业规制。据此,需要研究的问题是：流通产业的市场治理通常呈现何种格局,与第一和第二产业比较,流通产业市场治理结构在什么样的条件下发生变动,这些变动要不要包括政府产业规制,这些变动以什么样的形式与竞争和垄断相联系,等等。因此,有必要研究和探讨流通产业市场治理的特定图景,流通领域的契约类型、契约联结方式以及契约执行等市场性制度安排,政府产业规制和厂商行为对市场治理结构变动的影响,流通产业市场治理及其结构变动究竟需不需要政府产业规制等问题。在此基础上,可望对流通产业市场治理结构展开一般性描述。     

清代藏书家汪启淑的商业经营与社会生活—对几份新见契约文书的解读

汪启淑是清代前期江南著名的藏书家、篆刻家,颇为出版史、艺术史学者所关注。不过,尽管其人系徽州盐商一向尽人皆知,但因书阙有间,以往对他的盐业生涯所知甚少,有关其人生平事迹的诸多细节亦皆不得其详。有鉴于此,本文拟以田野考察所获契约文书为主,对汪启淑的生卒年代、在江南各地的活动场所以及盐业经营与社会生活等诸多侧面,作一较为细致的勾勒。论文指出：在迄今尚存的徽州文书中,土地契约占绝大多数,而有关商业方面的契约文书并不多见。在这批新近发现的汪启淑相关文书中,不仅有涉及盐业经营的契约,而且还有一些与桑梓故里相关的土地契约、分家文书。据此,我们可以较为细致地探讨盐商的经营活动和社会生活,考察徽商由盛转衰的过程,故而弥足珍贵。从中可见,乾隆时代的徽州盐商,通过租售盐引,成为凭执根窝获利的有闲阶层。正像汪氏多方面的艺术成就一样,作为徽商的汪启淑,其商业经营亦涉及诸多行当。而就现有资料来看,他既是盐商,又是典商、出版商,甚至也被后人视作医家。这些不同的侧面,反映了盛清时代徽商“贾而好儒”的性格特征及其在文化上的诸多建树,其影响一直沿续到近现代。     

全要素生产率和产业结构对能源利用影响的实证分析

本文利用能源消耗模型进行实证分析,结果表明决定能源利用效率的关键因素和长期因素是全要素生产率,全要素生产率的不断提高导致了我国经济快速发展而单位GDP能源消耗不断降低的特殊现象.产业结构对能源消耗有显著的短期影响,当第一产业比例下降或第二产业比例上升时,能源消耗增加。市场化程度、对外开放程度对能源消耗的作用体现在全要素生产率中.2000年后能源消耗重新抬头并不否定全要素生产率的作用,而是缺乏节能意识的负面影响抵消并逆转了全要素生产率的正面作用.     

Recent breakthroughs of antibacterial and antiviral protective polymeric materials during COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic: Coating,packaging, and textile applications

The global epidemic owing to COVID-19 has generated awareness to ensuring best practices for avoiding the microorganism spread. Indeed, because of the increase in infections caused by bacteria and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the global demand for antimicrobial materials is growing. New technologies by using polymeric systems are of great interest. Virus transmission by contaminated surfaces leads to the spread of infectious diseases, so antimicrobial coatings are significant in this regard. Moreover, antimicrobial food packaging is beneficial to prevent the spread of microorganisms during food processing and transportation. Furthermore, antimicrobial textiles show an effective role. We aim to provide a review of prepared antimicrobial polymeric materials for use in coating, food packaging, and textile during the COVID-19 pandemic and after pandemic.     

Electrochemical technologies for treating petroleum industry wastewater

This review focuses on recent developments in electrochemical technology (with special emphasis on electrocoagulation, electro-oxidation, and electro-Fenton) to treat petroleum industry effluents (offshore and hydraulic fracturing extraction, as well as refinery effluents). In addition, an overview is given of what these processes face to position themselves as consolidated technologies.     

基于洗涤品生产的化工实训课程设计*

为适应地方院校应用型转型发展的要求,结合化工专业特色,设计了基于洗涤品生产的校内化工实训课程。该课程内容丰富、可操作性强。内容涵盖了配方设计、小试实验、生产操作、产品罐装、性能测试、安全教育等环节。课程采用教、学、做、产一体化的教学模式,运行效果显著,可激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的科研思维与实践创新能力。     

对当前开发模压全息技术的一些看法

本文介绍了模压全息的新应用,提供了制作模压全息的新技术和有关设备。     

浙江建筑企业文化建设的探讨

通过对企业文化内涵及其战略意义的阐述，针对建筑企业自身特点，提出了建设建筑企业文化的特殊要求。对浙江建筑企业发展现状与企业文化建设进行了调查研究，在新时期的历史条件下，落后的建筑企业文化已经阻碍了浙江建筑企业的进一步发展。最后，本文对浙江建筑企业如何建设具有核心竞争力的企业文化进行了初步探讨。     

中国城市公共交通行业技术效率实证研究

本文选取1999-2004年间中国城市公共交通行业的面板数据,在Cobb-Douglas函数的基础上运用随机边界法对我国城市公共交通行业的技术效率进行了考察,并从时间、地域、交通工具类型和客运规模方面,分析了该行业的效率差异及其产生原因,旨在为该行业的未来发展和管制改革提供决策依据。研究结果表明,我国城市公共交通行业技术效率情况为:近几年虽有小幅上升,但基数总体不高;东部地区技术效率偏高;客运量大和拥有轨道交通的省市的技术效率较高。     

Challenges and Development Opportunities for Catalytic Technologies in Petrochemical Industry in the 21st Century

The propellent drive and development opportunities for future catalytic technologies in petrochemical industry in the 21st century are reviewed in this paper. It focuses on the following five aspects:(1) The environmentally-friendly catalytic technologies, such as new technologies for the production of organic chemicals changing the raw material and synthetic process, the chemicals production replacing phosgene and hydrogen cyanide toxicant, and the conversion and utilization of organic wastes etc.(2) Utilization and development of cheaper light alkanes, for example, the chemical use of natural gas and the development technologies of methane chain, the production of acetic acid, ethylene and vinyl chloride from selective oxidation of ethane, as well as the manufacture of acrolein and acrylonitrile from the oxidation and ammoxidation of propane.(3) The new propylene-plus technologies of the low value higher olefins, such as catalytic cracking of C4,C5 olefins and metathesis of C4 olefin.(4) The technologies of high selective oxidation, e.g. production of propylene oxide with TS-1 molecular sieve, oxidation process by lattice oxygen and direct oxidation of benzene to phenol etc.(5) Development and application of novel catalytic materials, especially, mesopore molecular sieve materials for a larger molecule reaction, zeolite catalyst with MWW structure for alkylation of benzene and propylene, ionic liquid, and membrane reactor catalyst etc.Meanwhile,the challenging research subjects for future industrial catalysis and the several viewpoints for development strategy of new catalytic technologies are proposed. These viewpoints are as follows:(1) Catalysis discipline must be integrated with many other disciplines and should be multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary.(2) New preparation methods of catalytic materials must be originally developed.(3) The instrumentation having better time resolution and spatial resolution and applying under reaction conditions must be improved further.(4) Fundamental research for catalysis and catalytic theory must be enhanced.(5) Catalysis science must be closely integrated with catalytic reaction engineering.(6) Knowledge innovation and technical progress must be accelerated.(7) Scientific and technological co-operation between academic, industrial circles and public organization having a common interest in catalysis must be intensified.