不同病害胁迫下大豆的光谱特征及识别研究

在英国诺丁汉大学Sutton Bonington校区(52.8°N, 1.2°W)实测感染锈病与普通花叶病大豆的单叶光谱数据,利用连续统去除法对原始光谱数据进行处理,筛选对病害及锈病严重度敏感的波段,构建植被指数对感染锈病与普通花叶病及不同严重度锈病的大豆进行识别研究。研究发现普通花叶病胁迫下的大豆光谱反射率在可见光区域均大于健康大豆的,而锈病胁迫的大豆光谱反射率在绿光区随病情严重度增加而减小,在红光区随病情严重增强而增大。根据大豆光谱变化特征设计了一个植被指数R₅₀₀×R₅₅₀/R₆₈₀对大豆病害进行识别,通过计算不同病害及不同严重度之间的J-M距离对指数识别病害能力进行检验,结果表明指数R₅₀₀×R₅₅₀/R₆₈₀能够较好的识别出大豆锈病与普通花叶病,且该指数在识别大豆锈病严重度方面也有较强的能力。研究结果对农作物病害遥感监测与防治具有重要的理论价值与实际应用意义。     

城市基层党建与社区社会资本生成—基层社区党建的延展效应

与强调纵向协调有损社区社会资本的观点不同,基层社区党建的延展效应和居民有分寸的自律协调概念,可用以解释中国城市居民住宅小区、尤其是新建商品房住宅小区中社会资本得以生成的现象。居民社区党组织在发挥纵向协调职能时,具有一种作为潜在社会过程的延展效应,导致了居民住宅小区里“有分寸的自律协调机制”的出现,进而生成了居民间的横向社会网络和社区社会资本。对2016年“上海社区研究”（SCS）资料的分析发现,建有活跃党组织的居民住宅小区,会拥有相对较多的居民社团,包括自发型居民社团;在商品房住宅小区里,拥有活跃党组织,同样更有可能形成自发型居民社团。这些发现支持了基于上述论辩的研究假设,表明所提出的中国城市基层党建的延展效应和有分寸的自律协调机制,是能够解释在纵向协调起主导作用的制度环境下社区社会资得以生成的现象的。     

Closed‐form formulas for Kirchhoff index

We find closed‐form expressions for the resistance, or Kirchhoff index, of certain connected graphs using Foster's theorems, random walks, and the superposition principle. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 81: 135–140, 2001     

多氯代二苯并呋喃在不同色谱柱上的气相色谱保留行为——定量结构-色谱保留关系(QSRR)的研究

 以一种拟原子的方式处理多氯代二苯并呋喃 (PCDFs)异构体中的苯环 ,将PCDFs异构体中的原子或基团分为 3类 ,即 :氯原子 (Cl) (记为“1”) ,氧原子 (O) (记为“2”)及拟原子 (B) (记为“3”)。在烷烃分子距边矢量的基础上 ,提出一种以基团为基准的分子距离边数矢量 (μ矢量 ) ,借助多元线性回归方法分别建立了多氯代二苯并呋喃在不同色谱柱上的色谱保留指数与表征其结构的 μ矢量间的定量结构 色谱保留关系 (QSRR)相关模型。各样本总体所建模型的相关系数均在 0 98以上。     

平面壁限制的高分子链末端距及其概率分布

The problem of polymer chains near an impenetrable plane is investigated by means of the probability method. It is shown that the 2kth moment of the reduced normal component of the end-to-end distance A2k only depends on the reduced distance to the plane of the first segment AZ0, here, A=l－ 1· , n is the chain length, l is the bond length and fixed to be unity, which can be expressed as A2k=f(AZ0). When AZ0≈ 0, A2k is the maximum(A2k=k!), then it decreases rapidly and soon reaches the minimum with the increase of AZ0, afterwards A2k goes up gradually and reaches the limit value [(2k－ 1)× (2k－ 3)× … × 1]/2k when AZ0 is large enough. Suggesting that the polymer chain can be significantly elongated for small Z0 and contracted for an intermediate range of Z0 due to the barrier. The distribution of the end-to-end distance also depends on the distance Z0 to the plane of the first segment.     

Free energy in vertically aligned liquid crystal mode

Vertical alignment (VA) is a widely applied operation mode for liquid crystal displays. To achieve optimum brightness, the electrode of VA is often patterned with fish-bone fine slits to generate fringe field, so the negative liquid crystal aligns along the fine slits when the electric field is applied. VA is usually simply modelled by the bend geometry along the cell gap. However, defects, domain boundaries and periodical splay induced by the fine slits also exist in real pixels and disturb the liquid crystal alignment. Polymer-stabilised VA test cells with various fine slit pitches which lead to various strength of fringe field were fabricated to observe the deformation of liquid crystal. Then the models of liquid crystal deformation nearby the defects and in the fine slit area were proposed to calculate the electromagnetic (f_EM) and elastic free energy (f_elastic). The results show that the key factor to regulate f_EM and f_elastic is the pitch of the fine slits, and the optimum liquid crystal alignment is obtained when f_EM and f_elastic are equal. The models are useful for further investigation on the dynamics of liquid crystal alignment and applications in industrial products.     

Exploiting the performance of dictionary-based bio-entity name recognition in biomedical literature

Bio-entity name recognition is the key step for information extraction from biomedical literature. This paper presents a dictionary-based bio-entity name recognition approach. The approach expands the bio-entity name dictionary via the Abbreviation Definitions identifying algorithm, improves the recall rate through the improved edit distance algorithm and adopts some post-processing methods including Pre-keyword and Post-keyword expansion, Part of Speech expansion, merge of adjacent bio-entity names and the exploitation of the contextual cues to further improve the performance. Experiment results show that with this approach even an internal dictionary-based system could achieve a fairly good performance.     

背入射Au/ZnO/Al结构肖特基紫外探测器

设计制作了一种Au/ZnO/Al结构的紫外探测器,光的入射方式采用背入射式。ZnO薄膜是用磁控溅射在蓝宝石衬底上制备的。I-V测试表明:Au与ZnO形成了肖特基接触。得到探测器的光响应峰值在352nm,截止边为382nm,可见抑制比达一个量级。由于该探测器是一种垂直结构器件,对于进一步实现ZnO紫外探测器阵列及单光子探测有很好的研究价值。     

Transition state geometry in radical abstraction reactions: comparison of interatomic distances in the intersecting parabolas and Morse curves models with quantum-chemical calculations

Interatomic distances in the transition state were estimated for the reactions of radical abstraction: H^· + H₂, H^· + HCl, H^· + CH₄, N^·H₂ + NH₃, HO^· + H₂O, HO₂ ^· + HOOH, and C^·H₃ + SiH₄. The calculation was performed by the quantum-chemical density functional method or coupled clusters method (QCH), as well as by the methods of intersecting parabolas (IPM) and Morse curves (IMM), using experimental data (activation energies and reaction enthalpies). The results of the latter two methods are close to the quantum-chemical calculation and differ only by the increment a: r(IPM or IMM) = a + r(QCH), where a = –4.5·10^–12 m for IPM and a = +1.9·10^–12 m for IMM.