On hypothesis testing with a partitioned random alternative

It is common in statistical practice that one needs to make a choice among m + 1 mutually exclusive claims on distributions.When m=1,it is done by the (traditional) hypothesis test.In this paper,a generalization to the case m > 1 is proposed.The fundamental difference with the case m=1 is that the new alternative hypothesis is a partition of m multiple claims and is data-dependent.Data is used to decide which claim in the partition is to be tested as the alternative.Thus,a random alternative is involved.The...     

Characterization of three saponins from a fraction using 1D DOSY as a solvent signal suppression tool. Agabrittonosides E–F. Furostane Saponins from Agave brittoniana Trel. spp. Brachypus

A careful NMR analysis, especially by 1D TOCSY and 1D ROESY, of a refined saponin fraction allowed us to determine the structure of three saponins from a polar extract of Agave brittoniana Trel. spp. Brachypus leaves. The use of 1D DOSY for the suppression of the solvent signal was useful to obtain the chemical shifts of anomeric signals. A full assignment of the ¹H and ¹³C spectral data for the new saponins, agabrittonosides E–F (1–2) and the well‐known Karatavioside C (3) and their methoxyl derivatives, is reported. The structures were established using a combination of 1D and 2D (¹H, ¹H‐COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, g‐HSQC, g‐HMBC and g‐HSQC‐TOCSY) NMR techniques and ESI–MS. In addition, the methoxylation of these furostane saponins in the presence of MeOH was studied. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crossover between tetrahedral and hexagonal structures in liquid water

It is widely accepted that liquid water structure is comprised of two closely interweaved components; i.e. tetrahedral (low density) and hexagonal (high density) structures. The relative amount of these components is temperature and pressure dependent. We propose an order parameter, based on the radial distribution function, that quantifies the relative structural composition at any defined temperature and pressure, thus establishing the crossover point in structural dominance. At 300 K this point lies close to 2 kbar, pressure at which water looses most of its ‘anomalous’ properties.     

Radii of Redox Components from Absolute Redox Potentials Compared with Covalent and Aqueous Ionic Radii

Aqueous standard potentials, referred to that of the SHE as zero, were recently shown to vary linearly with gaseous ionization potentials, with the absolute potential of SHE as the intercept. This enabled arriving at the absolute redox potentials of elements. Here, the distances between the oxidized and reduced forms in aqueous solutions have been evaluated. From the linear dependence of these distances on the covalent radii of atoms, the radii of the redox components have been obtained. The latter also vary linearly with the aqueous ionic radii estimated earlier from ion‐water distances, and indicate the presence of aqueous molecular anions.     

Chirped fibre Bragg grating based multiplexer and demultiplexer for DWDM applications

A multiplexer/demultiplexer for 100 GHz channel spacing based on chirped fibre Bragg gratings with different bandwidths and optical circulators is presented. The spectral characteristics, specifications and operation of these passive devices are described, showing its potential use in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) applications.     

Differentiation of strawberry varieties through purge-and-trap HRGC-MS,HRGC-FTIR and principal component analysis

The aroma composition of three different Fragaria anannassa cul-tivars Selva, Chandler, and Osso Grande) is studied by purge-and-trap HRGC and the components identified by MRGC-MS and HRGC-FTIR. The chromatographic aroma profiles from four different maturation stages in each variety are compared and the similarities accessed by principal component analysis (PCA). The contents in n-hexanal and hex-2(Z)-enal are characteristic features of the green stage in the three varieties where the content differences in methyl, ethyl, and butyl acetates act as typifying variables among varieties. Ethyl acetate acts as an important differentiation variable for the Selva variety. In the mature stage, the three cultivars may be distinguished from each other through their relative contents of methyl and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate (Selva), methyl 2-methyl-butyrate, methyl butyrate (Chandler), methyl and ethyl butyrates, and methyl caproate (Osso Grande).     

Stark splitting and energy transfer between Dy3+-Ho3+ and between Tb3+-Er3+ in calcium-lithium borate glass

Fluorescence spectrum of Dy³⁺, Dy³⁺-Ho³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Tb³⁺-Er³⁺ doped in calibo glass have been studied using Ar⁺ and excimer lasers. Non-radiative energy transfer from trivalent dysprosium and terbium (donors) to holmium and erbium (acceptors) respectively has been observed on the basis of decrease in the life time of the levels and reduction in fluorescence intensity of Dy³⁺ and Tb³⁺ on increasing Ho and Er concentrations. The interaction mechanism of donor and acceptor ions is found to be dipole-dipole in both cases. Various parameters such as donor-acceptor distances, non-radiative energy transfer efficiency (η) and energy transfer probability (P _da) have been computed. Stark splitting have also been marked in several intense transition of the two.     

平衡随机模型中方差分量的非负估计

众所周知, 对于平衡随机模型, 方差分量的方差分析估计为一致最小方差无偏估计. 本文基于方差分量的方差分析估计, 构造了一个二次不变估计类, 它包含了一些常用重要估计. 证明了该估计类在一定条件下在均方误差意义下一致优于方差分析估计, 并在此估计类基础上, 给出了方差分量的两种非负估计, 它们在均方误差意义下分别一致优于方差分析估计和限制极大似然估计, 且有显式解、容易计算.     

股市风险构成间接分解模型的改进及实证

对Campbell等提出的分析股市风险构成的间接分解模型进行改进,并运用改进模型研究中国股票市场1995年至2005年的风险构成和趋势。结果发现,公司风险是个股收益率平均风险的最大组成部分,其次是系统风险,行业风险的重要性相对较小;中国股市收益率的平均风险随时间存在下降的趋势,而公司风险和行业风险的重要性随时间在增加;总的协方差风险序列对个股收益率平均风险的影响,随时间不具有一致性。在分析股市风险构成时,不应忽略对协方差风险序列的研究。