二甲基亚砜-水混合溶液的等效介电常数特异性研究

在2.45 GHz下利用微扰谐振腔法测量二甲基亚砜(DMSO)-水(H₂O)混合溶液的等效介电常数过程中, 发现混合溶液等效介电常数虚部大于其中任一组分的介电常数虚部的特异现象. 分析表明, 这种特异性现象的发生主要是由于DMSO与H₂O混合后溶液的高频摩擦项大于混合前引起的. 因此, 经典混合物介电常数公式需要进行适当修正才能较好地适用于这类特异性问题计算.     

“关系式在初中化学计算中的应用”课例研究

基于《化学教育》等期刊文献和核心素养的研究成果,分析了关系式在初中化学计算中的地位和作用。通过“关系式在初中化学计算中的应用”课例,提出了高效复习的建议：要宏观认识复习课的目标和功能,帮助学生形成基本的化学观念、提高问题的解决能力、树立自信心。还应精心设计好各个微环节的活动,达到复习效益最大化。     

Finding transition states using reduced potential-energy surfaces

 We propose a method to locate saddle points that is based on the interplay between the driving coordinate and the restricted quasi-Newton algorithm. The method locates the transition state using a reduced potential-energy surface. The reduced potential-energy surface is characterized by the set of driving coordinates. The proposed algorithm starts at a point on the surface that is slightly perturbed from either reactant or product and, in principle, converges to the transition state. Finally we give a special type of update Hessian matrix formula that should be applied in optimizations carried out on reduced potential-energy surfaces. Received: 29 September 2000 / Accepted: 3 January 2001 / Published online: 3 April 2001     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中胆碱、左旋肉碱、牛磺酸与肌醇

建立了一种同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中4种可选择成分(胆碱、左旋肉碱、牛磺酸和肌醇)的高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经温水溶解后用亚铁氰化钾和乙酸锌沉淀蛋白,上清液过滤后采用HSS T3色谱柱分离,三重四极杆质谱仪检测,胆碱和左旋肉碱使用内标法定量,牛磺酸和肌醇使用外标法定量。在最优化条件下,胆碱和左旋肉碱在0.01~2.0 mg/L范围内,牛磺酸和肌醇在0.1~2.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.997;胆碱和左旋肉碱的检出限均为1.5 mg/kg,牛磺酸和肌醇的检出限均为15 mg/kg。4种化合物的回收率为87.5%~102.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.0%~7.3%。该方法灵敏度高、净化效果好、定量准确,适用于婴幼儿配方乳粉中胆碱、左旋肉碱、牛磺酸和肌醇的同时快速检测。     

超高效液相色谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的叶黄素

建立了采用超高效液相色谱测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中叶黄素的检测方法。样品经丙酮溶液提取,离心分层,冷冻离心去脂,YMC Carotenoid C30色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,3 μm）分离。以甲醇-甲基叔丁基醚（70：30,v/v）为流动相等度洗脱,流速为0.5 mL/min,进样量5 μL,柱温25 ℃,二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长445 nm。方法在20~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好;相关系数为0.999 9;定量限为20 μg/L。添加量在50、250、2000 μg/kg时,叶黄素的回收率为97.9%~104.4%。本方法操作简便,结果准确,灵敏度高,适用于婴幼儿奶粉中叶黄素的测定。     

Phenolic Compounds of Plants of the Scutellaria L. Genus. Distribution, Structure, and Properties

Information on flavones, flavanones, flavanonols, flavonols, chalcones, isoflavones, biflavonoids, lignoflavonoids, and lignane glycosides and stilbenes isolated from plants of the Scutellaria L. genus was systematized and reviewed. A list of 208 phenolic compounds was given according to flavonoid type with an indication of the plant sources, structures, and physicochemical properties and citations of the original articles.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的左旋肉碱

建立了婴幼儿配方奶粉中左旋肉碱含量的高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。采用C4色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm)进行分离,以甲醇-水(10∶90)为流动相,柱温25℃,流速1.0 mL.min-1,进样量为10μL,柱后分流比为1∶3,质谱采用多离子反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测,正离子模式,定量离子为m/z 162.2→103.1。在优化条件下,样品在10 min内完成分析,左旋肉碱在0.40～10.0 mg.L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3)。方法的加标回收率为87%～106%,检出限(S/N=3)和定量下限(S/N=10)分别为39.0、116.9 ng。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中左旋肉碱的测定。     

Preparation and Characterization of Al8.31Si1.91Mg3.78O20/Al4.8Si1.2O9.6/Mg2.0Al4.02Si4.98O18 Multiphase Material

A two-step sintering method was used to prepare Al8.31Si1.91Mg3.78O20 (corundum solid solution)/Al4.8Si1.2O9.6 (mullite solid solution)/Mg2.0Al4.02Si4.98O18 (cordierite solid solution) multiphase material, for the purposes of making these three crystal structures have point defects which could help the particles diffuse and transfer at high temperature, accelerate the sintering efficiently and enhance the material strength as well as the bulk density. The impacts of different formulas on the structure and properties of the multiphase material were investigated. With XRD and SEM analyses, for each sample, the crystal structure and microstructure were characterized, the crystalline phase content and cell parameters were determined with Rietveld Quantification software, and the properties were tested. The comparative optimal formula determined was calcinated chamotte of 80wt% and calcinated sludge of 20wt%; and its corresponding bending strength and retention rate of bending strength after a thermal shock were 29.74 MPa and 80.15%, respectively.     

Determination of Vitamin A in Infant Milk-Based Formulas and Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Flow Injection with Ce(IV)–Na2SO3 Chemiluminescence Detection

A rapid and simple flow injection (FI) method is reported for the determination of vitamin A (retinol) based on its strong enhancing effect on the Ce(IV)–Na₂SO₃ chemiluminescence (CL) reaction in an acidic solution. The effect of key chemical and physical parameters (i.e., reagent concentrations, flow rate, and sample volume) was optimized and potential interferences examined. Under the selected experimental conditions, a linear calibration was obtained between the CL intensity and vitamin A concentration in the range 0.1–8.0 µg mL^?1 (r ²  = 0.9986, n = 8). The limit of detection (3 s x blank) was 0.01 µg mL^?1 retinol (n = 6) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 0.25 µg mL^?1 retinol was 2.3% (n = 10) with a sampling rate of 180 h^?1. The method was successfully applied to infant milk-based formulas and pharmaceutical formulations and the results were not significantly different at 95% confidence interval with those obtained by using a spectrophotometric reference method. The possible CL mechanism is also discussed briefly supporting with UV-visible, fluorescence, and CL spectra.     

Qualitative estimation of the dependence of the number of energetic compounds on their oxygen coefficient

The ratio between the numbers of structural formulas of C,H,N,O-containing energetic compounds belonging to the classes of fuels (low values of the oxygen coefficientA), explosives (mediumA), and oxidants (highA values) was studied by a computer generation procedure. The number of the theoretically possible structural formulas was found to decrease rapidly on going from fuels to explosives and then to oxidants; this observation agrees with the data on the numbers of various energetic compounds currently used and proposed. The strategy of the search for new compounds with the specified properties is described in brief, and its applicability to the search for explosives and oxidants with a small (up to 12) number of atoms in a molecule is evaluated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1304–1310, July, 1998.