Maniplating the phenolic acid content and digestibility of italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)b y vacuolar-targeted epession of a fungal ferulic acid esterase

In grass cell walls, ferulic acid esters linked to arabinosyl residues in arabinoxylans play a key role in crosslinking hemicellulose. Although such crosslinks have a number of important roles in the cell wall, they also hinder the rate and extent of cell wall degradation by ruminant microbes and by fungal glycohydrolyase enzymes. Ferulic acid esterase (FAE) can release both monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from arabinoxylans making the cell wall more susceptible to further enzymatic attack. Transgenic plants of Lolium multiflorum expressing a ferulic acid esterase gene from Aspergillus niger, targeted to the vacuole under a constitutive rice actin promoter, have been produced following microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic cell cultures. The level of FAE activity was found to vary with leaf age and was highest in young leaves. FAE expression resulted in the release of monomeric and dimeric ferulic acids from cell walls on cell death and this was enhanced severalfold by the addition of exogenous β-1,4-endoxylanase. We also show that a number of plants expressing FAE had reduced levels of cell wall esterified monomeric and dimeric ferulates and increased in vitro dry-matter digestibility compared with nontransformed plants.     

Expression of human β-defensin-2 with multiple joined genes in Escherichia coli

Human β-defensin (HBD)-2 is a small cationic peptide with a broad range of antimicrobial activity. In this study, multiple copies of the hBD2 gene were linked in tandem, and a number of different Escherichia coli expression vectors were evaluated, including pQE-30, pBV220, pET-28a(+), and pGEX-4T-2. No expression of multiple joined genes was detectable in the pQE-30 expression system, whereas in pBV220 with one or two joined hBD2 genes and in pET-28a(+) with one, two, or four copies, target proteins were expressed at a low level. Only when pGEX-4T-2 was applied as expression plasmid with one or two joined hBD2 genes were target proteins expressed in high level, and the expressed fusion proteins account for 26 and 16% of the total insoluble proteins, respectively. In the pGEX-4T-2 and pET-28a(+) expression systems, the effects of multiple joined genes on the growth of host strains and plasmid stability were examined. Host cells containing plasmid carrying fewer copies of hBD2 genes were faster in cell growth. Plasmid stability decreased with an increase in multiple joined genes, which was especially noticeable in the pET-28a(+) system. Furthermore, the presence of glucose in culture medium brought about a positive effect on plasmid stability when using pET28-nhBD2 as expression vectors.     

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the human angiogenin gene. Construction of bacterial strains,producers of human angiogenin. Elaboration of a technology for the purification and preparation of angiogenin

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the gene of human angiogenin, a stimulator of blood vessel growth, was performed for the first time. Cloning of the human angiogenin gene in several expressing vector systems was carried out, and several bacterial strains, producers of human angiogenin were constructed. In particular, strains, producers of angiogenin--galactosidase and angiogenin-domains of staphylococcal protein A hybrid proteins were obtained, as well as a bacterial strain efficiently expressing free angiogenin. Large-scale preparation of purified recombinant human angiogenin was accomplished using theE.coli JM103 pRITA16 producer strain constructed, and the biological activity of the resulting preparation was studied.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12. pp. 2837–2846, December, 1996.     

A phenomenological description of temperature dependence of magnetoresistance in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3-δ thin films

The electrical resistance in zero magnetic field and magnetoresistance in different external magnetic fields have been measured in a temperature range of 77—300 K. It is found that the temperature dependence of magnetoresistance can be well described by a phenomenofogical formula of

TRANSIENT SOLUTION FOR QUEUE-LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF Geometry/G/1 QUEUEING MODEL

In this paper, the Geometry/G/1 queueing model with inter-arrival times generated by a geometric（parameter p） distribution according to a late arrival system with delayed access and service times independently distributed with distribution {gj }, j≥ 1 is studied. By a simple method （techniques of probability decomposition, renewal process theory） that is different from the techniques used by Hunter（1983）, the transient property of the queue with initial state i（i ≥ 0） is discussed. The recursion expression for u -transform of transient queue-length distribution at any time point n^＋ is obtained, and the recursion expression of the limiting queue length distribution is also obtained.     

Hermite–Fejér interpolation operator and characterization of functions

In this paper we investigate the approximation behaviour of the so‐called Hermite–Fejér interpolation operator based on the zeros of Jacobi polynomials. As a result we obtain the asymptotic formula of approximation rate for these operators. Moreover, such a formula is valid for any individual continuous function. We will also study the K ‐functional deduced by this operator. Consequently the asymptotic term of this K ‐functional is established. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

关闭-启动型多级适应性休假Mx/G/1排队系统的随机分解

本文采用一种较简单的分析方法,讨论了队长分布的瞬态和稳态性质,得到了队长瞬态分布的拉普拉斯变换的递推表达式和稳态分布的递推表达式,以及稳态队长的随机分解,并给出了服务台闲期、服务台忙循环期的分布函数。     

考虑二次梯度影响的渗流模型的解析解

本文利用油藏渗流力学原理，结合留数方法和特殊函数理论，求出了考虑井储和二次压力梯度影响的无穷均质油藏试并模型的解析解，并给出了渐近表逸式。该方法可用于求无穷双孔介质油藏、多层油藏、复合油藏等试井模型的解析解，对试井分析有理论应用价值。