Fuzzy ontology representation using OWL 2

The need to deal with vague information in Semantic Web languages is rising in importance and, thus, calls for a standard way to represent such information. We may address this issue by either extending current Semantic Web languages to cope with vagueness, or by providing a procedure to represent such information within current standard languages and tools. In this work, we follow the latter approach, by identifying the syntactic differences that a fuzzy ontology language has to cope with, and by proposing a concrete methodology to represent fuzzy ontologies using OWL 2 annotation properties. We also report on some prototypical implementations: a plug-in to edit fuzzy ontologies using OWL 2 annotations and some parsers that translate fuzzy ontologies represented using our methodology into the languages supported by some reasoners.     

Ion-specific hydration effects: Extending the Poisson-Boltzmann theory

In aqueous solutions, dissolved ions interact strongly with the surrounding water and surfaces, thereby modifying solution properties in an ion-specific manner. These ion-hydration interactions can be accounted for theoretically on a mean-field level by including phenomenological terms in the free energy that correspond to the most dominant ion-specific interactions. Minimizing this free energy leads to modified Poisson-Boltzmann equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Here, we review how this strategy has been used to predict some of the ways ion-specific effects can modify the forces acting within and between charged interfaces immersed in salt solutions.     

Three types of mathematical representational translations: Comparing empirical and theoretical results

Previous research has investigated the representational translation practices of high school students, high school teachers, and college preservice teachers in various mathematical contexts including linear functions. Findings from qualitative research has frequently led to new notions about participant work and understanding. Many quantitative research has investigated the degree to which some in these populations correctly perform these translations. However, it seems that only infrequently have empirical research investigated findings from qualitative studies and vice versa, and findings regarding one population are rarely compared with findings of another population. This study (a) empirically explores the frequency of success of preservice teachers (N = 80) regarding representational translations in the context of linear functions, (b) quantifies results from previous qualitative, literature‐based research regarding high school students and teachers, and (c) quantitatively compares the results. This study demonstrates that some mathematical representational translations are more difficult than others.     

Exploring main obstacles of inflexibility in mathematics teachers’ behaviour in accepting new ideas: the case of equivalence between infinite sets

This article seeks to explore the most important obstacles of inflexibility in mathematics teachers’ behaviour in accepting new ideas, especially, while encountering a new situation. In so doing, the concept of equivalence between infinite sets, which is one of the challenging issues in mathematics teaching and learning, was selected as the subject matter of the study. The participants of the study were 64 high-school mathematics teachers. To collect the data, they were exposed to a challenging new situation involving equivalence between infinite sets. Then they were interviewed regarding the decisions they had made. The analysis of the data revealed that the main obstacles to accepting new ideas by mathematics teachers were preference to well-known procedures and tendency to work with methods with a more general extensive domain of the function. In addition, while the spirit of the article seems to imply that teachers are not flexible, in terms of accepting a new method, the data on teacher choices highlighted the positive results of teacher flexibility.     

Two problems in the 筭數書 Suanshu shu (Book of Mathematics): Geometric relations between circles and squares and methods for determining their mutual relations

Much research has been devoted to two problems, Yi yuancai fang (From a circular timber [find] a square) and Yi fangcai yuan (From a square timber [find] a circle), both of which appear in the Suanshu shu, an early Han dynasty mathematical work written on bamboo slips, excavated from tomb 247 at Zhangjiashan in Hubei Province, China. In this article, the geometric relations between circles and squares and the methods for determining their mutual relations in these two problems are interpreted in a different way, and an alternative approach is offered for reconciling these two problems.     

考虑产品与单元匹配的单元装配系统构建模型

针对日本式单元生产过程中流水装配线向单元装配系统转换的决策优化问题,本文以最小化总完工时间和工人总工时为目标,同时考虑产品与单元的匹配关系,构建了单元装配系统多目标优化模型,基于NSGA-II算法设计了适用于该问题的三段染色体的编码方式。通过算例分析了产品与单元匹配关系变化对总完工时间和工人总工时的影响,结果表明,在工人数不变的情况下,产品与单元匹配关系变化会导致总完工时间产生较大差异,随着工人数增多,这种差异逐渐变小。     

On λ[S] Semigroup of Semigroup

Wehaveintroducedσconstructionofrings[1],[2]withhomomorphismofmodulesofringsinringtheoryanddiscussedsomerelationsbetweenringRand[R]σandRσ.Thecongruencesandidealsareequevalent,sohomomorphismsandidealsarecorrespondingonebyoneinringtheory;buthomomorphismsandidealsarenotequevalentinsemigrouptheory,homomor-phismsandcongreuncesarecorrespondingonebyone,thekernerofhomomorphismsisacon-greunces,hencethediscussionofsimilarproblemsinringtheoryandsemigrouptheoryhasgreatdifference.Firstweintroducethenoti…     

The coevolution theory of the origin of the genetic code

A review of the coevolution theory of the origin of the genetic code is presented. This theory maintains that the origin of the code should be sought in the biosynthetic relationships between amino acids. In particular, some amino acids, the precursors, occupied the structure of the genetic code early on. As the product amino acids developed from these precursors, part or all of the codon domain of the precursor amino acid was ceded to the product amino acids, which resulted in the structuring of the genetic code. This paper therefore reviews the evidence in favour of this theory. The existence of some molecular fossils representing the biosynthetic pathways on which the coevolution theory suggests biosynthetic transformations took place (precursor amino acid → product amino acid) seems to be a strong corroboration of this theory. A generalisation imposed by this theory on the ancestral metabolic state is then discussed and, finally, the main prospects that seem to stem from the coevolution theory are presented.     

覆盖空间及粗糙集与拓扑的统一

引入覆盖空间,定义了其邻域、内部、闭包、测度等概念,研究了它们的性质.得出了粗糙集近似空间和拓扑空间都是具体覆盖空间的重要结论,从而用覆盖空间统一了粗糙集和拓扑.利用覆盖空间,得到了粗糙集和拓扑中更深刻的性质,从算子论和集合论的角度丰富和深化了粗糙集与拓扑的内容.