The chirality of exceptional points

Exceptional points are singularities of the spectrum and wave functions of a Hamiltonian which occur as functions of a complex interaction parameter. They are accessible in experiments with dissipative systems. We show that the wave function at an exceptional point is a specific superposition of two configurations. The phase relation between the configurations is equivalent to a chirality which should be detectable in an experiment. Received 9 April 2001 and Received in final form 19 July 2001     

用拓扑指数＆mT预测化合物在热导上的相对物质的量校正因子

在邻接矩阵的基础上,建立一种新的拓扑指数mT,mY=∑(δi·δj·δk…)0.5,其中0T=∑(δi)0.5,1Y=∑(δi·δj)0.5,并计算了10个系列142个分子的0T,1T值.发现mT与这些化合物的气相色谱相对物质的量校正因子有很好的相关性.相关系数均大于0.96,拓扑指数mT能较好地反映化合物的结构特征.     

A platform method for plasmid isoforms analysis by capillary gel electrophoresis

In the production of novel biological products, plasmids are often engineered into delivery vectors for target genes, which can be used directly as vaccines or as intermediate products for gene/cell therapy. Plasmid DNA exists in several topological forms such as supercoiled, linear, and open circular. As supercoiled plasmid shows the highest efficiency in transfecting eukaryotic cells, the content of supercoiled plasmids becomes an important indicator of plasmid quality. CGE is an effective analysis method for separating different topological structures of plasmids. For the purpose of providing plasmid manufacturers and regulatory agencies with an efficient and readily used tool for monitoring the quality of plasmids, this article identifies the optimal separation and detection conditions of CGE, presents a platform-based plasmid analytical method, and uses plasmid of different sizes to verify the feasibility of this method. In terms of detector, the LIF detector has obvious advantages over the ultraviolet detector in sensitivity and resolution. Using the optimal CE condition (10× gel buffer), baseline separation of different topological forms and impurities can be achieved for different plasmid sizes (5.9, 7.8, 15.4 kb). In addition, 6.5 kb plasmid was used to compare the different separation technologies such as CGE-LIF, ion exchange chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis. The result shows that CGE-LIF can provide better resolution and quantitation accuracy than ion exchange chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis. CGE-LIF, as a quick and convenient method to separate and quantify plasmids, has the advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, and high quantitative accuracy. Therefore, it is ideal for analysis of plasmids with different sizes, and it can also be used as a platform method for manufacturers and regulatory agencies to monitor the purity and stability of plasmids.     

碳基无金属电催化剂的本征缺陷研究进展

自首次报道氮掺杂碳纳米管具有优良的氧还原催化性能以来,碳基无金属材料作为贵金属基电催化剂的潜在替代品而被寄予厚望。碳骨架中普遍存在的本征缺陷位点是影响碳材料物理化学性质的重要因素。特定碳缺陷的引入可以打破原本完整的sp²碳骨架而形成局部畸变,改变邻近碳原子的电荷或自旋密度分布,进而优化催化过程反应物和中间产物的吸附/脱附,提升活性位点的催化活性。因此,在碳基材料中设计创造特定的缺陷结构成为了制备高活性电催化剂的重要研究方向。本文对近年来碳基无金属电催化剂中本征缺陷的研究进展进行了综述,归纳了碳材料中常见的3类本征缺陷（边界、空位或孔洞、拓扑畸变）的制备策略和表征手段,并深入讨论了不同类型碳缺陷的构型和电子结构与其电催化活性的内在关系。最后,我们对目前本征碳缺陷在电催化领域的研究挑战和未来前景进行了总结和展望。     

有效主量子数拓扑指数与分子总键能和晶格能的关系

作者定义ＡｊＢｋ分子的有效主量子数拓扑指数（Ｐ）为：Ｐ＝∑（ｎＡ·ｎＢ）－０．５。它与化合物的总键能（ΔＥ）、晶格能（Ｕ）呈现高度相关性,其直线回归方程为：ΔＥ＝－２８．４５１８＋１１１７．８９８Ｐ,Ｒ＝０．９３５４Ｕ＝１９６．６７０３＋１６６５．６２６６Ｐ,Ｒ＝０．９８８２用它预测ΔＥ、Ｕ,估算值与实验值基本吻合     

Progress in the understanding of drug-receptor interactions, Part 1: experimental charge-density study of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (C30H30N6O3S) at T = 17 K

An experimental study of the electron-density distribution rho(r) in an angiotensin II receptor antagonist 1 has been made on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at a low temperature. The crystal structure of 1 consists of infinite ribbons in which molecules are connected by an N-H...N hydrogen bond and several interactions of the C-H...O, C-H...N, and C-H...S type. The molecular conformation, characterized by the syn orientation of a tetrazole and a pyrimidinone ring with respect to a phenyl spacer group, is stabilized by two short SO and SN intramolecular contacts between a substituted thiophene fragment and the other two heterocycles of 1. The electrostatic nature of these interactions is documented. Furthermore, the Laplacian of rho(r) in the plane defined by the sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms involved in these interactions shows their strongly directional character as the regions of charge concentration on the valence shell of the nitrogen and oxygen atoms directly face the regions of charge depletion on the valence shell of the sulfur atom. All the chemical bonds and the relevant intra- and intermolecular interactions of 1 have been quantitatively described by the topological analysis of rho(r). Simple relationships between the bond path lengths (R(b)) and the values of rho at the bond critical points (rho(bcp)) have been obtained for the 28 C-C bonds, the seven N-C bonds, and the four O-C bonds. For the first two classes of bonds the relationship is in the form of a straight line, whose parameters, for the C-C bonds, agree, within experimental uncertainty, with those previously derived in our laboratory from a 19 K X-ray diffraction study of crystals of a different compound. Maps of the molecular electrostatic potential phi(r) derived from the experimental charge density display features that are important for the drug-receptor recognition of 1.     

顺反异构键参数拓扑指数及其在相关顺反异构分子性质中的应用

顺反异构键参数拓扑指数及其在相关顺反异构分子性质中的应用张宏光，辛厚文（中国科技大学近代化学系，合肥２３００２６）关键词：顺反异构分子，键参数拓扑指数分子的拓扑指数是近几十年来发展起来的一种重要的分子图不变量。自１９４７年Ｗｉｎｎｅｒ提出第一个分子拓...     

Is the DPT tautomerization of the long A·G Watson–Crick DNA base mispair a source of the adenine and guanine mutagenic tautomers? A QM and QTAIM response to the biologically important question

Herein, we first address the question posed in the title by establishing the tautomerization trajectory via the double proton transfer of the adenine·guanine (A·G) DNA base mispair formed by the canonical tautomers of the A and G bases into the A*·G* DNA base mispair, involving mutagenic tautomers, with the use of the quantum‐mechanical calculations and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). It was detected that the A·G ? A*·G* tautomerization proceeds through the asynchronous concerted mechanism. It was revealed that the A·G base mispair is stabilized by the N6H···O6 (5.68) and N1H···N1 (6.51) hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) and the N2H···HC2 dihydrogen bond (DH‐bond) (0.68 kcal·mol^?1), whereas the A*·G* base mispair—by the O6H···N6 (10.88), N1H···N1 (7.01) and C2H···N2 H‐bonds (0.42 kcal·mol^?1). The N2H···HC2 DH‐bond smoothly and without bifurcation transforms into the C2H···N2 H‐bond at the IRC = ?10.07 Bohr in the course of the A·G ? A*·G* tautomerization. Using the sweeps of the energies of the intermolecular H‐bonds, it was observed that the N6H···O6 H‐bond is anticooperative to the two others—N1H···N1 and N2H···HC2 in the A·G base mispair, while the latters are significantly cooperative, mutually strengthening each other. In opposite, all three O6H···N6, N1H···N1, and C2H···N2 H‐bonds are cooperative in the A*·G* base mispair. All in all, we established the dynamical instability of the А*·G* base mispair with a short lifetime (4.83·10^?14 s), enabling it not to be deemed feasible source of the A* and G* mutagenic tautomers of the DNA bases. The small lifetime of the А*·G* base mispair is predetermined by the negative value of the Gibbs free energy for the A*·G* → A·G transition. Moreover, all of the six low‐frequency intermolecular vibrations cannot develop during this lifetime that additionally confirms the aforementioned results. Thus, the A*·G* base mispair cannot be considered as a source of the mutagenic tautomers of the DNA bases, as the A·G base mispair dissociates during DNA replication exceptionally into the A and G monomers in the canonical tautomeric form. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

利用非传统螺旋相位调控高阶涡旋光束的拓扑结构

本文提出一种利用非传统螺旋相位调控高阶涡旋光束拓扑结构的方法.数值模拟并实验研究了具有不均匀旋转梯度的非传统螺旋相位对高阶涡旋光束的调控行为.结果表明, 携带有非传统螺旋相位的高阶涡旋光束在传输过程中, 将退化为沿一条直线排列的多个一阶相位奇点, 并且, 这种非传统螺旋相位对高阶涡旋光束的调控特性, 可抑制相位噪声等扰动所引起的拓扑结构随机退化现象.本文的结论为涡旋光束拓扑结构的调控提供了一种可行的新途径, 在基于涡旋光束的光学通信、光学操控等方面具有潜在应用.     

光涡旋偶极子经半屏衍射后的演化

推导出寄居于高斯光束中的光涡旋偶极子经过半屏衍射后的解析传输公式.利用所得公式对光涡旋偶极子经半屏衍射后的演化做了详细研究.结果表明,与自由空间中光涡旋偶极子演化相比较,衍射场中会出现多对光涡旋偶极子,湮没方式与离轴量有关.随离轴参数的变化,偶极子出现不同的演化特性,但在演化过程中,拓扑电荷守恒. 关键词： 光涡旋偶极子 半屏衍射 拓扑电荷