Photo-induced evolution of copper sheets from cluster molecules and its application to photolithographic copper patterning

UV photoexcitation of (t-butylethynyl copper)₂₄ cluster films induces segregation of the crystals into metallic and organic phases and leads to evolve the metallic sheets sandwiched by organic polymers. The growth of the metallic crystals in the plane of the photo-electromagnetic field is attributed due to plasmon-plasmon interaction among nanoparticles embedded in dielectric polymer matrices. The surface enhanced photochemical reaction of residual cluster molecules on the photon incident direction is expected to take an important role for joining the metal particles to produce a metallic sheet. We can apply this phenomenon for photolithographic copper pattern generation on a flexible base plate.     

Deformation of styrene—divinylbenzene copolymers and hypercrosslinked polystyrenes during solvent adsorption and desorption

An automated procedure was developed for monitoring fast changes in the size of spherical samples of polymers during their contact with a solvent or drying. The kinetics of bulk deformation in these processes was studied for a series of cross-linked polymers, viz., gel-type and porous styrene—divinylbenzene copolymers and poly(divinylbenzenes), and hypercrosslinked polystyrenes. Gel, macroporous, and hypercrosslinked polystyrenes are substantially different in the rate, mechanism, and degree of swelling, which is associated with the principal differences in their physical structures. An unusual effect of a sharp decrease followed by a temporary increase in the volume of porous polystyrene and poly(divinylbenzene) materials were observed during desorption (evaporation) of organic solvents. Water desorption is accompanied by an excessive bulk compression of porous granules giving rise to negative deformations, which gradually relax to the state equilibrium for the dry polymer. The results of dynamic desorption porometry (for water desorption) are indicative of a bimodal size distribution of micropores in hypercrosslinked polystyrene. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 467–476, March, 2007.     

光学薄膜在现代汽车工业中的应用

本文论述应用光学薄膜技术对汽车窗口玻璃和塑料的若干性能进行改进的技术发展水平，这些性能包括塑料表面的硬化，红外区的反射，紫外区的吸收，偏振化作用，双折射，憎水性以及光学角度选择性等，评论等离子体处理和物理蒸汽淀积薄膜工艺近来应用的一些例子。对于物理蒸汽淀积薄膜所提供的异常功能连同实际使用中它们的耐久性作了特殊的强调。     

Time-marching numerical schemes for the electric field integral equation on a straight thin wire

We derive and analyse four algorithms for computing the current induced on a thin straight wire by a transient electric field. They all involve solving the thin wire electric field integral equations (EFIEs) and consist of a very accurate differential equations solver together with various schemes to approximate the vector potential integral equation. We carry out a rigorous numerical stability analysis of each of these methods. This has not previously been done for solution schemes for the thin wire EFIEs. Each scheme is shown to be stable and convergent provided the radius of the wire is small enough for the thin wire equations to be a valid model.     

Electron-stimulated desorption of D (H) from condensed D2O (H2O) films

The electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of D⁻ and H⁻ ions from condensed D₂O and H₂O films is investigated. Three low-energy peaks are observed in the ESD anion yield, which are identified as arising from excitation of ²B₁, ²A₁ and ²B₂ dissociative electron attachment (DEA) resonances. Additional structure is observed between 18 and 32 eV, which may be due to ion pair formation or to DEA resonances involving the 2a₁ orbital. The ion yield resulting from excitation of the ²B₁ resonance increases as the film is heated. We attribute the increase in the ion yield to thermally induced hydrogen bond breaking near the surface, which enhances the lifetimes of the excited states that lead to desorption.     

Existence of a solution for two phase flow in porous media: The case that the porosity depends on the pressure

In this paper we prove the existence of a solution of a coupled system involving a two phase incompressible flow in the ground and the mechanical deformation of the porous medium where the porosity is a function of the global pressure. The model is strongly coupled and involves a nonlinear degenerate parabolic equation. In order to show the existence of a weak solution, we consider a sequence of related uniformly parabolic problems and apply the Schauder fixed point theorem to show that they possess a classical solution. We then prove the relative compactness of sequences of solutions by means of the Fréchet-Kolmogorov theorem; this yields the convergence of a subsequence to a weak solution of the parabolic system.     

Molecule-to-metal bonds: electrografting polymers on conducting surfaces.

Electrografting is a powerful and versatile technique for modifying and decorating conducting surfaces with organic matter. Mainly based on the electro-induced polymerization of dissolved electro-active monomers on metallic or semiconducting surfaces, it finds applications in various fields including biocompatibility, protection against corrosion, lubrication, soldering, functionalization, adhesion, and template chemistry. Starting from experimental observations, this Review highlights the mechanism of the formation of covalent metal-carbon bonds by electro-induced processes, together with major applications such as derivatization of conducting surfaces with biomolecules that can be used in biosensing, lubrication of low-level electrical contacts, reversible trapping of ionic waste on reactive electrografted surfaces as an alternative to ion-exchange resins, and localized modification of conducting surfaces, a one-step process providing submicrometer grafted areas and which is used in microelectronics.     

La掺杂浓度对PLZT薄膜红外光学性质的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了不同La掺杂浓度PLZT(x/40/60)薄膜- x射线衍射分析表明制备的PLZT(x/40/60)薄膜是具有单一钙钛矿结构的多晶薄膜- 通过红外椭圆偏振光谱仪测量了波长为2-5—12-6μm范围内PLZT薄膜的椭偏光谱，采用经典色 散模型拟合获得PLZT薄膜的红外光学常数，同时也拟合获得PLZT薄膜的厚度- 随着La掺杂浓 度的增大，折射率逐渐减小- 而消光系数除PLZT(4/40/60)薄膜外，呈现逐渐增大的趋势- 分析表明这些差异主要与PLZ 关键词： PLZT薄膜 红外光学性质 红外椭圆偏振光谱     

Refraction of light in media

The roles of the magnetic field and electric field of the light are investigated when the light is refracted in the medium. The model of the electron cloud conductor is presented. Electron cloud in a molecule is treated as a conductor and the Faraday’s Law is applied to this conductor that is in the alternating magnetic field of the light. dB _M/dt of the light gives rise to an alternating induced current on the electron cloud conductor, and the light exchanges energy, i.e. the refractive energy, with the electron cloud conductor. Formulas of refractive index, which is the ratio of light speed in vacuum to that in the medium, are derived with this model. These formulas are tested with several mediums and Langevin’s diamagnetic susceptibility of helium gas, and the results are in good agreement with the measured data. The anisotropy and the nonlinearity of the refractive index are explained with the theory described in this work. Supported by Beijing Science and Technology New Star Program (Grant No. 952870400), the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education and the Excellent Young Teachers Program of Ministry of Education of China     

Lattice Boltzmann方法模拟多孔介质Klinkenberg效应

格子Boltzmann数值模拟方法是研究复杂的多孔介质结构特别是Klinkenberg效应的有效方法之一，对处理复杂边值问题尤其有效，用格子Boltzmann方法研究了气流穿越多孔介质问题，并将数值计算结果与实验结果进行了比较，结果表明格子Boltzmann方法是数值模拟气流穿越多孔介质问题的有效方法之一。