分布式冷热电三联供系统的单耗分析模型研究

基于"单耗分析"理论,建立了针对燃料为天然气的分布式冷、热、电三联产系统的常见运行模式下的多热源、多冷源的燃料单耗模型和成本单耗模型.利用该模型进行了案例计算,结果清楚地表明了系统各个环节燃料附加单耗的分布.通过对计算结果的分析,得出了一些有益的结论.     

中国共产党建党百年来的社会政策探索

自1921年成立至今中国共产党已经走过了一百年的辉煌历程。以人民为中心、为人民谋利益、与时俱进地解决中国人民的生存和发展（即民生）问题是中国共产党人的初心使命和矢志不渝的追求。社会政策作为国家解决民生问题的制度化举措自中国共产党成立以来一直受到关注和重视,但在中国革命、建设和改革等不同历史时期党对社会政策角色的运用会根据时代的特点、具体国情的变化、解决民生方针策略的需要做出调整和改变。建党百年来中国共产党解决民生问题按路径划分大致经历了三个阶段,在不同阶段党对社会政策角色的运用会发生相应的变化：党的成立至新中国成立前系党为解决民生问题创造政治前提阶段,社会政策被作为政治动员的重要手段（1921−1949）;新中国成立至1978年系党为解决民生问题创造经济前提（基础）阶段,社会政策依附经济体制,服务于经济发展（1949−1978）;改革开放以来系党在中国特色社会主义市场经济条件下为解决效率与公平的矛盾不断加大保障和改善民生的力度、民生事业不断取得新的进步阶段,社会政策相对独立发展,其地位和作用不断强化（1978年至今）。建党百年来党对社会政策的探索提供了丰富的经验和启示,对其加以科学总结具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

探寻社会学理论发展的非经验主义道路

默顿倡导以中层理论为中介来联结社会学的经验研究和一般理论研究,推动社会学理论的合理发展,这一倡导具有合理性。但是默顿试图通过以经验研究为基础优先发展中层理论,然后再通过对中层理论进行归纳来形成一般理论这种经验主义策略进而实现这一目标的想法却可能是错误的。正如中层理论并非从经验事实中归纳得来一样,一般理论也难以从中层理论中归纳而来。我们需要探索一条非经验主义的社会学理论发展道路。     

郡县制国家现代化：中央政府如何扩大公共事务治理职能

郡县制国家的传统职能是“管人”,但是在当代,为了适应现代世界,需要加强和完善“管事”的职能。然而,加强“管事”的职能遇到的一大障碍,是“管事”与“管人”通常难以分开,带来管事与管人的冲突。在全国性公共事务上,面对管事与管人的冲突,郡县制国家的一种改革方向,即建立中央统一管理与地方属地管理相结合的体制,既扩大中央政府的治理职能,同时又发挥纵向约束机制的作用,从而能改善全国性公共事务治理。此种中央统一管理与地方属地管理相结合的体制,通常不是中央政府事先设计出来的,而是在改革过程中,经由中央政府与地方政府的策略性互动过程,逐渐建立起来的。因此,郡县制国家蕴含着一种潜力,即在公共事务治理上,包括地方公共事务和全国性公共事务,可以引入和发挥“纵向约束机制”的作用,使得国家既保持“管人”的基本体制不变,又能提高治理能力。     

汉语言说者如何切入当代西方知识论—一种基于人工智能与儒家“正名论”的混合视角

肇始于“盖蒂尔问题”的当代西方的知识论研究与近代西方的认识论研究不同：前者更聚焦于知识证成之规范性维度,后者更聚焦于知识构成的事实性维度。除了专业的分析哲学专家之外,汉语哲学界对于现代西方知识论（而不是近代西方认识论）的接受度并不高。这在相当程度上可能是因为,基于英语思维的西方研究者对于“知识”“信念”“证成”等核心概念的理解方式与基于汉语思维的中国读者的理解方式有所不同。不过,我们也不能由此忽略现代西方知识论研究的两面性：一方面,现代西方知识论的很多典型话题的设置与展开方式的确是受到了“二战”后英语文化的特殊性的影响;另一方面,西方知识论学者对于信念证成的规范性状态的探究,对于各种非西方文明的合理性对话框架的构建依然具有一定的辐射意义。在这样的情况下,我们中国的知识论研究者就需要两个中介性步骤,以便将西方知识论的话题设置方式与研究方式中过分偏向于西方文化的特点予以过滤：第一,通过人工智能对于信念证成过程的机器复验,来反过来检测西方知识论理论的某些“伪普遍性”（特别是通过对于“框架问题”的揭露来体现西方命题逻辑在处理语义相关性方面所暴露出来的无能）;第二,通过对于以“正名论”为代表的汉语证成方式（以及在其背后起作用的基于词项之基本性的信息加工过程）的现代化重构,为一种能够兼容中西思维并能够为机器复演的可能性敞开自身的新知识论打下基础。这样,我们才能有希望将目前英语世界中流行的知识论研究,真正改造为具有“世界哲学”气息的知识论研究。     

Hydrogenation of acetylene into ethane–ethene mixtures over modified Pd–alumina catalysts

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Fractional powers of the noncommutative Fourier's law by the S‐spectrum approach

Let e_?, for ? = 1,2,3, be orthogonal unit vectors in and let be a bounded open set with smooth boundary ?Ω. Denoting by a point in Ω, the heat equation, for nonhomogeneous materials, is obtained replacing the Fourier law, given by the following: into the conservation of energy law, here a, b, are given functions. With the S‐spectrum approach to fractional diffusion processes we determine, in a suitable way, the fractional powers of T. Then, roughly speaking, we replace the fractional powers of T into the conservation of energy law to obtain the fractional evolution equation. This method is important for nonhomogeneous materials where the Fourier law is not simply the negative gradient. In this paper, we determine under which conditions on the coefficients a, b, the fractional powers of T exist in the sense of the S‐spectrum approach. More in general, this theory allows to compute the fractional powers of vector operators that arise in different fields of science and technology. This paper is devoted to researchers working in fractional diffusion and fractional evolution problems, partial differential equations, and noncommutative operator theory.     

Non‐self‐adjoint singular second‐order dynamic operators on time scale

In this study, maximal dissipative second‐order dynamic operators on semi‐infinite time scale are studied in the Hilbert space , that the extensions of a minimal symmetric operator in limit‐point case. We construct a self‐adjoint dilation of the dissipative operator together with its incoming and outgoing spectral representations so that we can determine the scattering function of the dilation as stated in the scheme of Lax‐Phillips. Moreover, we construct a functional model of the dissipative operator and identify its characteristic function in terms of the Weyl‐Titchmarsh function of a self‐adjoint second‐order dynamic operator. Finally, we prove the theorems on completeness of the system of root functions of the dissipative and accumulative dynamic operators.     

The spectral analysis and exponential stability of a bi‐directional coupled wave‐ODE system

In this paper, an unstable linear time invariant (LTI) ODE system is stabilized exponentially by the PDE compensato—a wave equation with Kelvin‐Voigt (K‐V) damping. Direct feedback connections between the ODE system and wave equation are established: The velocity of the wave equation enters the ODE through the variable v_t(1,t); meanwhile, the output of the ODE is fluxed into the wave equation. It is found that the spectrum of the system operator is composed of two parts: point spectrum and continuous spectrum. The continuous spectrum consists of an isolated point , and there are two branches of asymptotic eigenvalues: the first branch approaches to , and the other branch tends to ?∞. It is shown that there is a sequence of generalized eigenfunctions, which forms a Riesz basis for the Hilbert state space. As a consequence, the spectrum‐determined growth condition and exponential stability of the system are concluded.     

Uniform limit laws of the logarithm for nonparametric estimators of the regression function in presence of censored data

In this paper, we establish uniform-in-bandwidth limit laws of the logarithm for nonparametric Inverse Probability of Censoring Weighted (I.P.C.W.) estimators of the multivariate regression function under random censorship. A similar result is deduced for estimators of the conditional distribution function. The uniform-in-bandwidth consistency for estimators of the conditional density and the conditional hazard rate functions are also derived from our main result. Moreover, the logarithm laws we establish are shown to yield almost sure simultaneous asymptotic confidence bands for the functions we consider. Examples of confidence bands obtained from simulated data are displayed.