Dispersed lyotropic phases as carriers for active substances

Summary Smectic mesophases of water-insoluble compounds can be dispersed to form multilayered structures (liposomes). These provide different siters for the solubilization or entrapment of active compounds such as drugs. The specific advantages and drawbacks of these systems are discussed in comparison with those of other carriers for what concerns the aspects of feasibility, versability, encapsulating ratio, shelf life and fatein vivo. The tendency of liposomes to be taken up by particular cells can be exploited in passive targeting. Much effort is devoted now to active targeting of these particles by gearing them with specific ligands. This is still a far cry from the applications of lyotropics in systemic therapy. Topical administration of vesicles offers several advantages which have been identified in the field of skin care products. Experimental data are provided to substantiate this view. Finally it is worthwhile mentioning that vesicles of adequate chemical composition are stable in oil-amphiphile-water systems. This fact raises theoretical questions and at the same time opens new avenues to the development of multicompartment carriers. Paper presented at the ?Meeting on Lyotropics and Related Fields?, held in Rende, Cosenza, September 13–18, 1982.     

技术创新决策中的测不准现象

本文分析了技术创新决策中的测不准现象，包括技术创新的投资测不准、周期测不准和市场测不准；并分析了导致这一现象的各种原因。     

0.12mm不锈钢薄板光纤激光回转法打孔工艺优化分析

利用光纤激光加工系统对厚度为0.12mm的SUS304材料进行回转法打孔。通过正交实验方法分析了激光功率比、占空比、切割速度、重复频率、辅助气压等参数对打孔质量的影响。实验结果表明,激光打孔工艺最优参数组合是:切割速度为12mm/s,占空比为8%,重复频率为1.5kHz,功率比为85%,辅助气压为0.8MPa。在此优化参数下得到的最小打孔锥度为0.05°,且微小孔边缘热影响区较小,孔真圆度较好,可以保证较高的打孔质量。     

中国高端装备制造业的技术创新能力:2004～2014

为了评价中国高端装备制造业的技术创新能力,采用技术创新投入、技术创新开展、技术获取和技术创新产出等4个一级指标,以及RD经费、专利申请数等9个二级指标,构建了中国高端装备制造业技术创新能力的评价指标体系.依据这些评价指标体系分析和评价了中国通用设备制造业、专用设备制造业等六大类高端装备制造业在2004~2014年间的技术创新能力.根据评价结果,针对不同产业存在的具体问题,提出了加强产业技术创新能力建设的对策.     

基于无故障概率的多参数多工序工艺系统可靠性评估模型与方法

通过对工艺要素、工艺过程、工艺输出参数、性能参数和产品可靠性等的影响分析,建立了多参数多工序工艺系统可靠性影响关系模型;基于制造质量和生产效率两个维度,提出了多参数工艺系统故障判据与工作能力状态准则;分串联、并联和混联三种模式,建立了多工序工艺系统可靠性逻辑框图;考虑设置检验和不设置检验两种状态,研究了基于无故障概率的多参数多工序工艺系统可靠性评估方法、数学表述和算例.     

The dynamical optimal acquisition of automation

The acquisition of automation occurs in response to a variety of organizational goals. It follows that different mathematical models are required to capture an organization's specific incentives. In addition, formulations must differ to reflect the characteristics of the automation being considered. Here, a survey of three models developed by the author is presented that considers the optimal dynamic mix of labor and automation. These models differ with respect to (i) the organizational motivations identified for acquiring the automation, (ii) the purpose and use of the automation under consideration, and (iii) the manner in which the automation is acquired over time.     

基于可拓创新方法的技术创新过程研究——以石油机械产品为例

立足于二次创新中的引进型创新,分析了我国采用这种技术创新的必要性和可行性,并通过调研,以石油机械产品的引进型创新过程为例,运用可拓创新方法研究描述了整个创新过程,借助可拓变换方法获得了创新方案.方法的运用不仅得到了满意的创新产品,还丰富了创新产品,提高了新兴技术的利用率,实证了可拓方法的科学性和有效性.     

技术进步效率测度模型的构建及应用

技术进步是影响经济增长的决定性因素,因此,技术进步的测度成为一个重要的研究问题。然而,技术进步的测度到目前为止还没有统一和令人信服的方法。本文使用DEA方法,基于理想生产前沿面构建了技术进步效率测度模型。技术进步效率测度模型是技术进步度量的一种新方法,是一个相对量的测量,规避了技术进步总量测算模型的一些缺陷。将模型用于测算我国1999～2008年的技术进步效率,测算结果表明我国大多数地区技术进步效率呈逐年上升的趋势,经济产出较高而同时消耗了较低资源投入的省份具有较高的技术进步效率。这说明低消耗的技术进步才是有效的,能够有效支撑经济的可持续发展。     

科学素质教育课程“现代科学技术概论”的建设研究与思考——一个科学与人文教育交叉、融合的好载体

紧扣时代脉搏的科学素质教育课程“现代科学技术概论”深受学生欢迎,丰富的专题式知识内容体系吸引了公众的目光;优质资源的精心打造使课程建设颇具特色;教学方法与教学模式的创新别致新颖……透过现代科技知识展现的科学故事及人文历史背景,领略素质教育、感悟科学思想、培育精神品格,提升校园文化.     

Longitudinal Nanotechnology Development (1991--2002): National Science Foundation Funding and its Impact on Patents

Nanotechnology holds the promise to revolutionize a wide range of products, processes and applications. It is recognized by over sixty countries as critical for their development at the beginning of the 21st century. A significant public investment of over $1 billion annually is devoted to nanotechnology research in the United States. This paper provides an analysis of the National Science Foundation (NSF) funding of nanoscale science and engineering (NSE) and its relationship to the innovation as reflected in the United States Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) patent data. Using a combination of bibliometric analysis and visualization tools, we have identified several general trends, the key players, and the evolution of technology topics in the NSF funding and commercial patenting activities. This study documents the rapid growth of innovation in the field of nanotechnology and its correlation to funding. Statistical analysis shows that the NSF-funded researchers and their patents have higher impact factors than other private and publicly funded reference groups. This suggests the importance of fundamental research on nanotechnology development. The number of cites per NSF-funded inventor is about 10 as compared to 2 for all inventors of NSE-related patents recorded at USPTO, and the corresponding Authority Score is 20 as compared to 1.8.