Studies on metabolism of total glucosides of paeony from Paeoniae Radix Alba in rats by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS

Total glucosides of paeony are the active constituents of Paeoniae Radix Alba. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed to find more metabolites and the differences between paeoniflorin, albiflorin and total glucosides of paeony (TGP). This strategy was characterized as follows: firstly, the animals were divided into three groups (paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP) to identify the source of TGP metabolites from paeoniflorin or albiflorin; secondly, a generic information‐dependent acquisition scan for the low‐level metabolites was triggered by the multiple mass defect filter and dynamic background subtraction; thirdly, the metabolites were identified with a combination of data‐processing methods including mass defect filtering, neutral loss filtering and product ion filtering; finally, a comparative study was used in the metabolism of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP. Based on the strategy, 18 metabolites of TGP, 10 metabolites of paeoniflorin and 13 metabolites of albiflorin were identified respectively. The results indicated that the hydrolysis, conjugation reaction and oxidization were the major metabolic pathways, and the metabolic sites were the glycosidic linkage, the ester bond and the benzene ring. This study is first to explore the metabolism of TGP, and these findings enhance our understanding of the metabolism and the interactions of paeoniflrin and albiflorin in TGP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

为什么要引入溶剂的渗透因子

阐明了引入溶剂渗透因子的必要性,较详细地介绍了两种渗透因子及它们间的关系。     

Decay rate for viscoelastic wave equation of variable coefficients with delay and dynamic boundary conditions

In this paper, we consider a viscoelastic wave equation of variable coefficients in the presence of past history with nonlinear damping and delay in the internal feedback and dynamic boundary conditions. Under suitable assumptions, we establish an explicit and general decay rate result without imposing restrictive assumption on the behavior of the relaxation function at infinity by Riemannian geometry method and Lyapunov functional method.     

On Potentially Abelian Geometric Representations

The finiteness is proved of the set of isomorphism classes of potentially abelian geometric Galois representations with a given set of data. This is a special case of the finiteness conjecture of Fontaine and Mazur.     

The 4D Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Quantization Equations from 5D Null Paths

Results from 5D induced-matter and membrane theory with null paths are extended to show that a particle obeys the 4D Klein-Gordon equation but with a variable mass. The Dirac equation also follows, but raises concerns about 4D quantization in the two natural 5D gauges, and reopens the question of a Regge-like trajectory for the spin angular momenta and squared masses of gravitationally-dominated systems.     

Existence of the uniformly minimum risk equivariant estimators of parameters in a class of normal linear models

In this paper, we study the existence of the uniformly minimum risk equivariant (UMRE) estimators of parameters in a class of normal linear models, which include the normal variance components model, the growth curve model, the extended growth curve model, and the seemingly unrelated regression equations model, and so on. The necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of UMRE estimators of the estimable linear functions of regression coefficients, the covariance matrixV and (trV)^α, where α > 0 is known, in the models under an affine group of transformations for quadratic losses and matrix losses, respectively. Under the (extended) growth curve model and the seemingly unrelated regression equations model, the conclusions given in literature for estimating regression coefficients can be derived by applying the general results in this paper, and the sufficient conditions for non-existence of UMRE estimators ofV and tr(V) are expanded to be necessary and sufficient conditions. In addition, the necessary and sufficient conditions that there exist UMRE estimators of parameters in the variance components model are obtained for the first time.     

On the Local Uniqueness of Solutions of Variational Inequalities Under H-Differentiability

In this paper, we give some sufficient conditions for the local uniqueness of solutions to nonsmooth variational inequalities where the underlying functions are H-differentiable and the underlying set is a closed convex set/polyhedral set/box/polyhedral cone. We show how the solution of a linearized variational inequality is related to the solution of the variational inequality. These results extend/unify various similar results proved for C ¹ and locally Lipschitzian variational inequality problems. When specialized to the nonlinear complementarity problem, our results extend/unify those of C ² and C ¹ nonlinear complementarity problems.     

非线性互补问题的一种全局收敛的显式光滑Newton方法

本针对Po函数非线性互补问题，给出了一种显式光滑Newton方法，该方法将光滑参数μ进行显式迭代而不依赖于Newton方向的搜索过程，并在适当的假设条件下，证明了算法的全局收敛性。     

Pulse radiolysis study of the initial steps of the polymerization of cyclohexyl acrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate

Pulse radiolysis with kinetic spectroscopic detection was applied to study the kinetics of the first steps of radiation induced polymerization of cyclohexyl acrylate and cyclohexyl methacrylate in cyclohexane solvent. The reactions were initiated by cyclohexyl radicals produced in the radiolysis of the solvent. The transient absorption spectra of the -carboxyalkyl type radicals produced in addition reaction show maxima around 300 nm. This shifts to longer wavelength with time after the pulse. This phenomenon was explained by the oligomerization reaction. From the kinetic curves average rate coefficients of termination for the oligomer radicals (2k_t) were determined as a function of time elapsed after the electron pulse. The values obtained were compared with those calculated for other (acrylate and methacrylate type) monomers.     

静脉滴注的临床决策

提出了静脉滴注的动力学一般模型，讨论了模型的性质，在给药剂量确定的条件下，探讨了调整滴注速率使治疗效果达到最佳的临床决策方法。