Predicting extreme rainfall over eastern Asia by using complex networks

A climate network of extreme rainfall over eastern Asia is constructed for the period of 1971-2000, employing the tools of complex networks and a measure of nonlinear correlation called event synchronization （ES）. Using this network, we predict the extreme rainfall for several cases without delay and with n-day delay （1 ≤ n ≤ 10）. The prediction accuracy can reach 58% without delay, 21% with 1-day delay, and 12% with n-day delay （2 ≤ n ≤ 10）. The results reveal that the prediction accuracy is low in years of a weak east Asia summer monsoon （EASM） or 1 year later and high in years of a strong EASM or 1 year later. Furthermore, the prediction accuracy is higher due to the many more links that represent correlations between different grid points and a higher extreme rainfall rate during strong EASM years.     

一种适用于高分辨分子地层学研究的有机质分离及定量方法

研究全球变化的手段多种多样，高分辨分子地层学是最有力的工具之一，进行此项研究工作要分析的样品大且溶量小，因此建立一种合适的有机质分离及定量方法十分重要。本文采用冷抽提法的方法抽提出这类样品的有机质，衍生化合利用ＧＣ／ＭＳ对化合物进行定性、定量分析。利用本方法分析的空白加标（地质体中最常见化合物）回收率结果为：烷烃９５．８％，脂肪酸９２．３％，胆甾醇９９．７％；脂肪醇９３．７％；基质加标加收率结果为     

Cell-Site Diversity Performance of LMDS Systems Operating in Heavy Rain Climatic Regions

In this paper, the potential performance advantages of ce ll-site diversity in millimeter-wave fixed cellular systems located in heavy rain climatic regions are examined. Cell-site diversity is considered an efficient technique to mitigate the aggravating effects of atmospheric propagation of radiowaves at millimeter frequency bands and, particularly, to combat rain attenuation. The paper is focused on the analytical estimation of the performance improvement of LMDS systems due to diversity reception. A physical prediction model for rain attenuation, properly modified to take into account the behaviour of the rainfall medium in tropical and subtropical areas, is the basis of the analysis. Implementations of the proposed model are presented along with an investigation of its various aspects. This work was mainly stimulated by the recent strong interest to provide technically and economically feasible solutions for broadband wireless access to the developing countries.     

The Effects of Di- or Polysulfonates on Adsorption of Petroleum Sulfonates

Petroleum sulfonates was separated into several fractions with conventional extraction method according to the polarity of extraction solvent. The relative content of mono-, di-, or polysulfonates in each fraction was determined by using high pressure liquid chromatography and then the average sulfonic amount of each fraction can be calculated according to above results. The equivalent weight of each fraction was measured by both two-phase titration method and ESI-MS method, and the results shows the tow methods are comparatively coincident. Furthermore, the mean molecular weight of each fraction can be calculated with the average sulfonic amount and the equivalent weight. Adsorption isotherm and coreflooding adsorption test were both conducted to determine the adsorption amount and adsorption rate of each fraction. It was found that the fraction with the minimum equivalent weight is middle mean molecular weight and its adsorption amount on reservoir sand is maximal. Moreover, two fractions have a tendency to come to saturated adsorption in coreflooding adsorption test, but the time needed for saturated adsorption is distinctly different. However, the total adsorption amount of the other fractions keeps increasing at all time. The mechanisms accounting for the difference of adsorption performance were proposed on the basis of the diverse composition of the fraction.     

2003年夏季江南异常高温天气分析

利用NECP1948-2003年月平均资料，主要分析了2003年夏季长江流域以南高温天气形成过程的天气特征和物理过程，对比分析了膏藏高压和海温两个异常因子与夏季江南高温发生的关系．结果表明：夏季高层青藏高压的稳定、持续、加强和向东、西的不断扩张，有利于长江流域以南和华南地区产生高温天气，可作为一个异常强信号来预测江南高温干旱短期气候变化；副热带中太平洋和赤道东太平洋关键区在高温发生前一冬季海温有异常加热，尤其是赤道东太平洋地区，说明关键区海温与江南地区高温呈6个月的相关；东亚季风指数与江南夏季地面温度距平呈负相关，即当东亚夏季风偏弱时，长江流域及以南地区，夏季地面温度呈正距平。     

The Use of Corrected Thermal Decomposition Temperature in the Geological Interpretation. I

Dehydroxylation of kaolinite, thermal decomposition of calcite, dehydration of some cases of minerals bearing molecular water in the structure serve as example of the use of corrected temperature taking into the influencing quantity instead of the measured temperature. By using this, method data become more characteristic and comparable and the correction makes them suitable for further analysis, such as crystallinity, substitution, binding force, genesis etc. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复杂沉淀体系中沉淀剂合理用量的计算

在沉淀体系中,当有掩蔽剂存在时沉淀剂的合理用量及被沉淀离子在溶液中最小残留量的计算是个复杂问题。本文从理论上建立了解决这一问题的通用函数方程,并藉助于电子计算机进行实例处理,结果令人满意。     

Asymptotic finite‐time ruin probabilities for a class of path‐dependent heavy‐tailed claim amounts using Poisson spacings

In the compound Poisson risk model, several strong hypotheses may be found too restrictive to describe accurately the evolution of the reserves of an insurance company. This is especially true for a company that faces natural disaster risks like earthquake or flooding. For such risks, claim amounts are often inter‐dependent and they may also depend on the history of the natural phenomenon. The present paper is concerned with a situation of this kind, where each claim amount depends on the previous claim inter‐arrival time, or on past claim inter‐arrival times in a more complex way. Our main purpose is to evaluate, for large initial reserves, the asymptotic finite‐time ruin probabilities of the company when the claim sizes have a heavy‐tailed distribution. The approach is based more particularly on the analysis of spacings in a conditioned Poisson process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

几种模拟逐日降水的分布函数比较分析

在模拟逐日降水方面,将马尔科夫链和某种分布函数相结合建立随机模型的方法在国外很多地区被证明是有效的,但该方法在我国的适用性研究并不多见.本文应用哈尔滨48年的实测降水资料,基于一阶马尔科夫两状态转移概率,分别采用皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布、伽玛分布和偏正态分布函数模拟了哈尔滨的1000年逐日降水过程.对比分析结果表明,伽玛分布更适合模拟哈尔滨的逐日降水过程,基于伽玛分布函数模拟的月份降水量和降水天数与实测降水数据符合较好.     

气相色谱法测定蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量

从1.0kg蔬菜中选其可食用部分,切碎后用四分法取样,取适量样品经充分捣碎制得分析用样品。称取试样25.00g用50mL乙腈高速匀浆提取,收集滤液40～50mL与5g氯化钠振荡盐析。定量分取上层清液10mL置于80℃水浴上吹氮至干,加正己烷2mL溶解残渣,所得溶液流经Florisil小柱纯化,用丙酮-正己烷(1+9)混合液淋洗2次,每次5mL,洗脱液在50℃水浴上吹氮至干,用正己烷定容至2.0mL,取1μL进样进行气相色谱分析。采用Varian CP-Sil 5CB毛细管色谱柱分离及电子捕获检测器定量检测,5种拟除虫菊酯类农药可很好地分离。其峰面积值与相应质量浓度均在0.01～1.0mg·L~(-1)之间呈线性,检出限(3S/N)在1.6～2.0μg·kg~(-1)之间。在3个浓度水平上(0.02,0.10,0.50mg·kg~(-1))加入各农药标准溶液,按方法作回收率及精密度试验,测得回收率和相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在90.5%～106.4%和0.98%～6.3%之间。