基于聚类和最佳指数的快速高光谱波段选择方法

最佳指数法是常用的高光谱图像数据波段选择方法,但存在运算时间过长的问题。运用K-means聚类算法,对最佳指数方法进行了改进,提出了聚类最佳指数法,并进行了一系列伪装目标识别的对比实验。实验结果表明,与最佳指数法相比,改进后的方法在保证目标分类精度的前提下,运算速度提高了数十倍;与单纯使用K-means聚类运算相比,不仅运算时间缩短,而且分类精度有所提高。利用改进算法能够在伪装环境下更加快速有效地识别目标。     

高光谱成像的垃圾分类识别研究

高光谱成像因光谱分辨率高、图谱合一、可实现快速无损检测等特点现已广泛应用于农业、医学、遥感等领域。现有的对可回收生活垃圾检测与分类的方法,都存在检测时间长,分类效率低,而大量多种垃圾无法同时快速分拣等问题。考虑到不同类别的生活垃圾由于其主要组成分子结构的差异,对不同波长的光有不同的吸收特性。高光谱图像在记录待分类垃圾的空间信息的同时,可以获得垃圾对不同波长的光的反射率光谱信息,通过建立识别分类模型对反射率光谱信息进行分析可以实现对高光谱图像中待分类垃圾的识别与分类。收集常见纸质、塑料、木质三种材料的可回收的垃圾样本,包括塑料瓶、食品包装袋、塑料玩具(饰品)碎片、一次性筷子、雪糕棒、木制家具碎片、木制包装盒、废旧课本、广告纸、办公用纸等多种物品共30个样本,进行清洗和裁剪处理,避免样本表面污渍对样本反射率产生影响。利用高光谱成像系统采集样本在近红外(780～1 000 nm)范围内的高光谱图像,其中18个样本做训练样本集,12个样本做测试样本集。对采集的样本图像数据做预处理,包括去噪声以及黑白校正反演反射率信息等处理;通过主成分分析(PCA)方法对训练样本集感兴趣区域(ROI)进行分析,提取到的特征波段为795.815,836.869,885.619,916.409,929.239,934.37,957.463,972.858和988.253 nm;在特征波段下分别提取这三种类别垃圾的参考光谱,通过光谱角度填图法(SAM)对测试样本ROI区域内提取的测试样本点集在特征波段下与参考光谱进行匹配,由匹配程度进行样本点归类,分析结果表明,测试样本集中纸制样本(A类别)、塑料样本(B类别)、木制样本(C类别)的分类准确度分别为100%,98%和100%,测试样本点集整体的分类准确度为99.33%;通过Fisher判别方法分析训练样本集得出判别函数式和判别准则,对测试样本点集分类,评价结果为A,B和C类样本分类准确度分别为100%,100%和97%,测试样本点集整体分类准确度为99%。通过SAM和Fisher两种判别方法对测试样本集的光谱图像进行目标物的检测与分类,结果表明,利用SAM判别方法在可回收垃圾的高光谱图像中实现检测与分类有更高的分类准确度,可达到99.33%。同时,也验证了使用高光谱成像进行可回收垃圾快速分类的科学性以及可行性,对未来系统化、机械化、智能化地解决生活中可回收垃圾的分类具有一定的实用意义。     

A Bayesian approach to seafloor classification using multi-beam echo-sounder backscatter data

Seafloor classification using acoustic remote sensing techniques is an attractive approach due to its high-coverage capabilities and limited costs. The multi-beam echo-sounder (MBES) system provides high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter information with 100% coverage. In this paper, we present a seafloor classification method that employs the MBES backscatter data. The method uses the averaged backscatter data per beam. It, therefore, is independent on the quality of the MBES calibration. Also, its performance is insensitive to seafloor type variation along the MBES swathe and corrections for the angular dependence of the backscatter are not needed. The method accounts for the ping-to-ping variability of the backscatter intensity. It estimates both the number of seafloor types present in the survey area and the probability density function for the backscatter strength at a certain angle for each of the seafloor types. Application of the method to MBES backscatter data acquired in a well-known test area in the North Sea shows very good agreement with available ground truth. The method’s discriminatory performance for this area is demonstrated to be comparable to that of taking samples of the sediment. All seafloor types known to be present in the area are resolved for. Application of the method to the Stanton bank data set shows clearly separable areas that differ in seafloor composition.     

Causal structure and algebraic classification of non-dissipative linear optical media

In crystal optics and quantum electrodynamics in gravitational vacua, the propagation of light is not described by a metric, but an area metric geometry. In this article, this prompts us to study conditions for linear electrodynamics on area metric manifolds to be well-posed. This includes an identification of the timelike future cones and their duals associated to an area metric geometry, and thus paves the ground for a discussion of the related local and global causal structures in standard fashion. In order to provide simple algebraic criteria for an area metric manifold to present a consistent spacetime structure, we develop a complete algebraic classification of area metric tensors up to general transformations of frame. This classification, valuable in its own right, is then employed to prove a theorem excluding the majority of algebraic classes of area metrics as viable spacetimes. Physically, these results classify and drastically restrict the viable constitutive tensors of non-dissipative linear optical media.     

决策树分类模型在工程项目评标风险预警中的应用

本文将数据挖掘中的决策树分类方法运用到工程项目评标数据分析,从200多个天津市工程项目招投标打分数据中,随机抽取15个招投标项目中的67个承包商的评标专家打分数据进行分析,得到中标承包商技术和商务评分分界点,进而得到工程项目潜在风险的预警阈值,然后借助因子分析辨识出风险来源并进行预警。     

数量化理论在金银花产地分类中的应用

采用数量化理论的方法.以金银花中微量元素含量作为变量,进行了产地分类,分析结果表明,金银花按产地可分3类:新密、封丘和平邑为一类;南京为一类;昆明和桂林为一类.结果与生产实际一致.     

Classification of Gauge Orbit Types for SU(n)-Gauge Theories

A method for determining the orbit types of the action of the group of gauge transformations on the space of connections for gauge theories with gauge group SU(n) in spacetime dimension d4 is presented. The method is based on the one-to-one correspondence between orbit types and holonomy-induced reductions of the underlying principal SU(n)-bundle. It is shown that the orbit types are labelled by certain cohomology elements of spacetime satisfying two relations. Thus, for every principal SU(n)-bundle the corresponding stratification of the gauge orbit space can be explicitly determined. As an application, a criterion characterizing kinematical nodes for physical states in Yang–Mills theory with the Chern–Simons term proposed by Asorey et al. is discussed.     

Two-photon decay in strong central fields observed for the case of He-like gold

The photon energy differential shape of the second order matrix element for the two-photon (2E1) decay of the 1s2s¹S₀ level in He-like gold has been measured. The results are in agreement with a recent fully relativistic calculation. The corresponding 2E1 matrix element deviates from those in lighter He-like systems due to the strong central field in a heavy two-electron ion.     

Detecting embedded pure network structures in LP problems

Recently, linear programming problems with special structures have assumed growing importance in mathematical programming. It is well known that exploiting network structures within linear programs can lead to considerable improvement of the computational solution of large-scale linear programming problems. A linear program is said to contain an embedded network structure provided that some subset of its constraints can be interpreted as specifying conservation of flow. If a column of the constraint matrix has at most two non-zeros, then it leads to embedded generalized network structure and if these non-zeros are unit elements and of opposite signs, then it leads to embedded pure network structure. In this paper, we are concerned with algorithms for detecting embedded pure network structures within linear programs. The network extraction methods are presented in two groups. The first group covers deletion and addition based algorithms and the second group covers GUB based algorithms. We have extended the GUB based algorithm appearing in the second group by introducing Markowitz merit count approach for exploiting matrix non zeros. A set of well known test problems has been used to carry out computational experiments which show that our extensions to the GUB based algorithms give better results than the algorithms reported earlier.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Nuclearity in a New Perspective

In this Letter we try to settle some confused points concerning the use of the notion of p-nuclearity in the mathematical and physical literature, pointing out that the nuclearity index in the physicists’ sense vanishes for any p> 1. Our discussion of these issues suggests a new perspective, in terms of ε-entropy and operator spaces, which might permit connections to be drawn between phase space criteria and quantum energy inequalities.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 81T05, 47B10, 47L25.