电多极矩跃迁选择定则的对称分析

只有由群的对称性才可能导出每个不可约表示的对称性波函数, 即对称化基函数.也只有由群的对称性才可能导出电子状态跃迁的最一般选择定则 , 即电偶极跃迁E1, 电四极跃迁E2 和 电八极跃迁E3跃迁的选择原则. 本文以 和 为例, 导出电多积跃迁的选择原则. 角动量的选择定则只是特例. 并用方法SAC-CI/6-31G 计算了 H2O和 CC的基态以及其激发态的激发能和振子强度.本文只适合单光子过程. 计算都与理论相合.     

A new type SVM-projected SVM

Support vector machine (SVM), developed by Vapnik et al., is a new and promising technique for classification and regression and has been proved to be competitive with the best available learning machines in many applications. However, the classification speed of SVM is substantially slower than that of other techniques with similar generalization ability. A new type SVM named projected SVM (PSVM), which is a combination of feature vector selection (FVS) method and linear SVM (LSVM), is proposed in present paper. In PSVM, the FVS method is first used to select a relevant subset (feature vectors, FVs) from the training data, and then both the training data and the test data are projected into the subspace constructed by FVs, and finally linear SVM(LSVM) is applied to classify the projected data. The time required by PSVM to calculate the class of new samples is proportional to the count of FVs. In most cases, the count of FVs is smaller than that of support vectors (SVs), and therefore PSVM is faster than SVM in running. Compared with other speeding-up techniques of SVM, PSVM is proved to possess not only speeding-up ability but also de-noising ability for high-noised data, and is found to be of potential use in mechanical fault pattern recognition.     

Nonlinear competition between asters and stripes in filament-motor systems

A model for polar filaments interacting via molecular motor complexes is investigated which exhibits bifurcations to spatial patterns. It is shown that the homogeneous distribution of filaments, such as actin or microtubules, may become either unstable with respect to an orientational instability of a finite wave number or with respect to modulations of the filament density, where long-wavelength modes are amplified as well. Above threshold nonlinear interactions select either stripe patterns or periodic asters. The existence and stability ranges of each pattern close to threshold are predicted in terms of a weakly nonlinear perturbation analysis, which is confirmed by numerical simulations of the basic model equations. The two relevant parameters determining the bifurcation scenario of the model can be related to the concentrations of the active molecular motors and of the filaments, respectively, which both could be easily regulated by the cell.     

数码相机CMOS图像传感器的特性参数与选择

介绍了数码相机的核心器件———CMOS图像传感器的特性参数和在数码相机设计过程中CMOS图像传感器的选择。选择CMOS图像传感器,不仅需要考虑包括传感器的尺寸、像素总数和有效像素数、最小照度、动态范围、灵敏度、分辨力、光电响应不均匀性以及光谱响应等在内的特性参数,而且还要考虑电源管理和功耗、模数转换位数、开发的简便性以及成本等因素。     

浅谈杯鼓实验中空气柱的选频作用

本文首先通过杯鼓实验得到了不同空气柱长度下杯内声波的频域图,然后基于波动理论解析分析了边界振动有衰减时空气柱的共振频率及振幅,结果表明空气柱长度在声波传播过程中具有明显的选频作用。     

冰的熔解热实验中冰水质量比的探讨

冰与温水质量比对冰的熔解热实验的成败起着关键作用。文章对冰水质量比进行测量和分析,得出了冰的熔解热实验中最适合的冰水质量比的范围约为1／12-1／5。     

Adhesion and fingering in the lifting Hele-Shaw cell: Role of the substrate

The lifting Hele-Shaw cell (LHSC) is used to study adhesion as well as viscous fingering. In the present paper we report a series of observations of development of the interface for different viscous fluids, both Newtonian and non-Newtonian, in a LHSC operated at a constant lifting force. Glass and perspex are used as the plates in two different sets of experiments. The objectives are 1) to measure the time required to separate the plates as a function of the lifting force and 2) to note the force above which viscous fingering appears. We find that for the Newtonian fluids, the plate separation time follows a universal power law with the lifting force, irrespective of fluid and substrate. The non-Newtonian fluids too, with proper scaling obey the same power law. The appearance of fingering, however, depends on the properties of the fluid as well as the substrate. We suggest a modified form of the capillary number which controls the onset of fingering; this new quantity, termed the “fingering parameter” involves the dielectric constants of the substrate and fluid in addition to the viscosity and surface tension.     

Optical Absorption in Periodic Graphene Superlattices: Perpendicular Applied Magnetic Field and Temperature Effects

A detailed study of the magneto‐optical absorption is presented for graphene superlattices (SLs) subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field. For a given temperature, this quantity exhibits a resonant peak structure whose characteristics depend on the magnetic field regime, circular polarization of light and SL barrier height. For the intermediate field regime, we demonstrated that the resonant peak structure of is directly correlated to the partial joint density of states. Specifically, the latter exhibits van Hove‐like singularities and peaks at energies where takes its maximum values. We also investigated the magnetoabsorption in the weak field regime for SLs exhibiting one and extra Dirac points in the absence of the field. It was found that for SLs with only one Dirac point, the absorption spectra consist of resonant peaks satisfying the same circular polarization dependent selection rule as that for pristine graphene, except for one of them. For SLs with extra Dirac points, the resonant peaks arise from transitions between singlet subbands or between doublet subbands and satisfy a circular polarization and peak intensity dependent selection rule. It was also found that the resonant structure of can be observed experimentally at room temperature in clean SLs.     

siPLS-LASSO的近红外特征波长选择及其应用

近红外技术广泛应用于食品、药品等生产过程和产品质量检测,具有样品无需预处理、成本低、无破坏性、测定速度快等优点。但是,全光谱数据维数高、冗余信息多,直接应用于建模会导致模型复杂性高、稳定性差等问题。siPLS是最常见的光谱数据降维方法,但是难以处理光谱数据的共线性问题。LASSO是一种相对新的数据降维方法,但在小样本应用中具有不稳定性。针对siPLS和LASSO在近红外光谱数据应用中存在的问题,提出了基于siPLS-LASSO的近红外特征波长选择方法,并将其应用于秸秆饲料蛋白固态发酵过程pH值监测。该方法首先采用siPLS算法,实现对光谱波长最佳联合子区间的优选;然后,对优选联合子区间使用LASSO算法进行特征波长选择,在此基础上建立PLS校正模型。同时,将siPLS-LASSO方法与其他传统特征波长选择方法进行了对比。结果表明：建立在siPLS-LASSO方法优选33个特征波长基础上的PLS模型预测结果更好,其预测方差(RMSEP)和相关系数(R_p)分别为0.071 1和0.980 8;所提siPLS-LASSO方法有效选取了特征波长,提高了模型预测性能。     

基于主成分分析的光谱重建训练样本选择方法研究

训练样本构成是影响光谱重建精度的一个重要因素,针对学习型光谱重建算法中训练样本选择问题,提出了一种基于主成分分析的训练样本选择方法。为了保证训练样本与重建样本的相似度,首先根据欧式距离最小原则从待选样本集中选择与重建样本相机响应值相似的样本,并去掉其中的重复样本;然后进行主成分分析;设定阈值筛选各主成分系数较大的样本作为训练样本,最后得到与主成分个数相同的训练样本子集。为验证该方法的有效性,通过在镜头前加载宽带滤色片搭建多通道图像获取系统采集多通道图像信息,将得到的各样本子集用作训练样本,利用伪逆法重建光谱信息,最后将重建的光谱精度与常用的训练样本及训练样本选择方法得到的重建光谱精度进行比较。实验结果表明：提出的方法显著提高了光谱重建的色度精度和光谱精度,优于常用的样本选择方法,能较大程度满足高精度颜色复制要求。