Synthesis of Hybrid Hollow Sub‐microspheres Assisted by Pre‐added Colloidal SiO2

A novel method was developed to synthesize organic–inorganic hybrid hollow sub‐microspheres (HHSs) through the addition of colloidal SiO<sub>2sub>. The hydrolysis rate of 3‐(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) was accelerated by SiO<sub>2sub> particles; meanwhile, the condensation rate of the hydrolytic species was decelerated. Thus, the hydrolytic monomers and oligomers of MPS were preserved as emulsifiers. These emulsifiers can then emulsify the isopentyl acetate (PEA) to form a steady O/W emulsion. The HHSs were produced by subsequent free radical polymerization and removal of the oil core. The hydrolytic MPS acted as emulsifiers and polymerizable monomers at the emulsification and polymerization stage, respectively. Thus, extra emulsifiers, co‐emulsifiers, and organic monomers were omitted, which simplified the synthesis process. The good dispersion of HHSs in water and oil, as well as the EDX results, indicated the organic–inorganic hybrid structure of HHSs.     

Non‐Conjugated Polymer Dots with Crosslink‐Enhanced Emission in the Absence of Fluorophore Units

A new type of fluorescent material is presented, which is called non‐conjugated polymer dots (NCPDs). The NCPDs only possess sub‐fluorophores (which are groups such as C?O, C?N, N?O) instead of typical conjugated fluorophore groups, and thus these materials should not have strong photoluminescence (PL) in the usual sense. Nevertheless, the PL of these sub‐fluorophores can be enhanced by chemical crosslinking or physical immobilization of polymer chains, which is named the crosslink‐enhanced emission (CEE) effect. The significant advances achieved by us and other groups on both experimental and theoretical aspects are discussed, and the covalent‐bond CEE, rigidity‐aggregated CEE, or supramolecular CEE in NCPDs is elaborated. Moreover, synthetic strategies, unique optical properties, and the promise of NCPDs in bio‐related fields, such as bioimaging and drug delivery, are systematically discussed.     

Optical Parameters of Nd‐Doped Gadolinium Aluminium Tetraborate Crystals

Nd‐doped gadolinium aluminium tetraborate, Nd<sub>xsub>Gd<sub>1‐xsub>Al<sub>3sub>(BO<sub>3sub>)<sub>4sub> (NGAB), crystallizes with x = 0.1 in the trigonal system with point group 32, conforming space group R32. They were grown using flux method, of large sizes and good optical quality. The unit cell constants were a = 0.93057 (6) and c = 0.72481 (3) nm, and z = 1. The measured absorption of the NGAB is compared to Judd‐Ofelt (JO) theory. When applied, the JO theory of parity‐forbidden electric‐dipole transitions of rare earth ions on noncentrosymmetric sites demonstrates good agreement. A measured band gap of the eigentransition was about 4.00 eV. The fitted intensity parameters Ot (t = 2, 4, and 6) were 2.446 × 10^‐20, 2.266 × 10^‐20 and 2.598 × 10^‐20 cm². Both the emission properties of the sub‐stable ⁴F<sub>3/2sub> state with the level lifetime of 506.20 μs and a fluorescence spectrum corresponding to the transition ⁴F<sub>3/2sub> → ⁴I<sub>11/2sub> were studied. The results indicate the pass band of laser for potential applications in practice.     

K2CO3修饰的铁锆复合氧载体-煤焦化学链气化制氢反应特性研究

以K<sub>2sub>CO<sub>3sub>修饰的Fe<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub>和ZrO<sub>2sub>复合型氧化物为氧载体(K3-Fe70Zr30),在固定床装置上考察了温度和原料配比对煤焦化学链制氢过程中产气率及组成的影响。程序升温实验结果表明,煤焦与氧载体500 ℃时开始反应,温度高于750 ℃时反应速率快速增大;而还原态氧载体与水蒸气400 ℃时开始反应,当温度高于500 ℃时出口氢气浓度明显增大。恒温实验表明,随温度升高,产品气中CO/CO<sub>2sub>体积比增大,导致产氢量降低。随煤焦与氧载体比例增加,产品气体中CO/CO<sub>2sub>体积比增加,而产氢量先增大后降低,其最大值可达1.734 L/g。K3-Fe70Zr30氧载体在前两次循环能维持良好的反应活性,但在第3次循环反应中活性降低,而重新添加K<sub>2sub>CO<sub>3sub>之后氧载体活性恢复,表明氧载体活性降低主要是由于K<sub>2sub>CO<sub>3sub>的流失所致。     

Y2BaCuO5粒子掺杂的单畴熔融织构YBCO超导体工艺与性能研究

采用人工掺杂Y-211相的方法以及熔融织构生长结合顶部籽晶工艺制备了不同211粒子含量的 准单畴熔融织构的YBCO块材料,样品致密度高,体密度大于62g/cm³,机械强 度好,振动样品磁强计测量结果表明,样品在温度30K、磁场06T下,其J<sub>csub>仍 达到123×10⁶A/cm².在温度70K、磁场2T条件下,J<sub>csub> 仍高达135×10⁴A/cm²,而且临界电流密度对磁场不敏感.扫描电 子显微镜分析也表明,Y-211相的人工掺杂,能改善织构样品的生长状况,减小微裂纹,同 时,掺杂的Y-211粒子能作为强的钉扎中心,因此,这种工艺能精确地控制样品中Y-211粒子 的含量,所制备的样品中Y-211粒子分布越均匀,尺寸越小,其钉扎效果越好.从大量实验结 果比较得出,1∶05是最佳的掺杂比例. 关键词： 准单畴超导体 熔融织构 c')" href="#">临界电流密度J<sub>c 磁通钉扎中心     

一类R~n上半线性椭圆方程有界正解的存在性和对称性

本文研究 Rn上型如下列具有次线性项加超线性项椭圆方程 :-Δu =a(x) (λus up) ,x∈ Rn,其中 ,n≥ 3,0 0为参数 .用上下解方法给出了方程有界正解存在性及多解性结果 .用移动平面方法给出解的径向对象性结果 .     

准次正定矩阵

提出了准次正定矩阵的概念,研究了它及其Hadamard积与Kronecker积的基本性质,将对称正定阵的Schur定理,华罗庚定理,Openheim不等式拓广到了准次正定阵上,并将各类实次正定阵统一了起来。     

亚模糊命题与重言式

引入了亚模糊命题的概念。在Gaines-Rescher的蕴涵算子下,证明了简单亚析取式A是重言式的必要条件为A包含环公式为其子公式。     

中远红外双波段激光器增益介质匹配

对中远红外双波段激光器中DF和CO2两种增益介质的匹配进行了研究。根据对DF和CO2两种增益介质分布的理论分析,发现DF相比于CO2介质增益峰值位置更靠前,激活区长度更短,据此设计加工了一台双波段激光器,使CO2气体注入孔位置可调,通过D2和CO2注入孔位置的差别来实现两种介质增益峰值位置的匹配。实验证明了这种设计是有效的,并确定了激光器共同光轴的最佳位置位于D2气注入孔下游3 mm,CO2注入孔下游33 mm处,此处双波段激光的输出功率均接近最大值。     

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of 4‐mercaptopyridine on sub‐monolayers of α‐Fe2O3 nanocrystals (sphere,spindle, cube)

We report surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra from 4‐mercaptopyridine (4‐Mpy) adsorbed on sub‐monolayers of α‐Fe<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub> nanocrystals (sphere, spindle, cube). The maximum enhancement factor has been estimated to be about 10⁴ compared to that of 4‐Mpy in solution. A possible mechanism has been proposed that the charge transfer between the α‐Fe<sub>2sub>O<sub>3sub> nanocrystals and the 4‐Mpy molecules is most likely responsible for the observed enhancement of Raman intensity of adsorbed 4‐Mpy molecules as surface plasmon resonances have not occurred. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.