The Laplacian subalgebra of is a strongly singular masa

In this paper, we present a new class of strongly singular maximal abelian subalgebras living inside the -folded tensor product of the free group factor with itself (). The notions of strongly singular masas in type factors and that of asymptotic homomorphism were introduced by A. Sinclair and R. Smith. One of their first examples was the Laplacian subalgebra of the free group factor, generated by the sum of words of length 1 in . This subalgebra was known to be a singular masa. Using the results of A. Sinclair and R. Smith, we show that the unique trace-preserving conditional expectation onto the Laplacian subalgebra of is an asymptotic homomorphism, and hence the Laplacian subalgebra is a strongly singular masa for every .

     

Energy method for computing periodic solutions of strongly nonlinear systems (I) — Autonomous systems

In this paper a new method for solving for the periodic solution (limit cycle) of a strongly nonlinear system is suggested. Using this method not only the existence, stability and number of periodic solutions can be decided, but at the same time the approximate expressions for these periodic solutions can also be obtained. The proof of this method is given as well.The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Gorenstein injective envelopes and covers over two sided noetherian rings

We prove that the class of Gorenstein injective modules is both enveloping and covering over a two sided noetherian ring such that the character modules of Gorenstein injective modules are Gorenstein flat. In the second part of the paper we consider the connection between the Gorenstein injective modules and the strongly cotorsion modules. We prove that when the ring R is commutative noetherian of finite Krull dimension, the class of Gorenstein injective modules coincides with that of strongly cotorsion modules if and only if the ring R is in fact Gorenstein.     

Multiple Scales via Galerkin Projections: Approximate Asymptotics for Strongly Nonlinear Oscillations

The method of multiple scales and the related method of averaging are commonly used tostudy slowly modulated oscillations. If the system of interest is a slightlyperturbed harmonic oscillator, then these techniques can be applied easily. If the unperturbed system is strongly nonlinear (though possiblyconservative), then these methods can run into difficulties due to the impossibilityof carrying out required analytical operations in closed form.In this paper, we abandon the requirement of closed form analyticaltreatment at all stages. Instead, Galerkin projections are used toobtain approximate realizations of the method of multiple scales. Thispaper adapts recent work using similar ideas for approximaterealizations of the method of averaging. A key contribution of thepresent work is in the systematic identification and removal of secularterms in the general nonlinear case, a procedure that is more difficultthan for the perturbed harmonic oscillator case, and that is unnecessaryfor averaging.A strength of the present work is that the heuristics (Galerkin)and asymptotics (multiple scales) are kept distinct,leaving room for systematic refinement of the formerwithout compromising the asymptotic features of the latter.     

三维间断位移法及强奇异和超奇异积分的处理方法

从积分方程Somigliana等式出发,导出三维状态下单位位错集度的基本解.在此基础上,建立了边界积分方程,并给出了其离散形式.对强奇异和超奇异积分,采用了Hadamard定义的有限部分积分来处理.最后,给出了计算裂纹应力强度因子的算例,并与解析解进行了比较,证实了该方法的有效性.     

The Existence Stability and Approximate Expressions of Periodic Solutions of Strongly Nonlinear Nonautonomous Systems with Multi-Degree-of-Freedom

Based upon the conservation of average energy a theorem about the periodic solutions of strongly nonlinear nonautomous systems with multi-degree-of freedom is proved. This theorem can not only decide the existence and stability of the periodic solutions, but at the same time can also give their first-order and second-order approximate expressions.     

Localization and Screening Enhancement in Asymmetric Binary Ionic Mixtures

The equation of state of binary ionic mixtures of similar ions, such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon, has been extensively studied. The study of dense asymmetric mixtures, where Z₂ >> Z₁, has primarily focused on mixtures of hydrogen and iron at solar conditions. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the behavior of highly asymmetric binary ionic mixtures, where the coupling of the high‐Z species may be orders of magnitude higher than the coupling of the low‐Z species. For the conditions we have studied, we find that strong correlations and signatures of solidification occur in the high‐Z species, while the low‐Z species exists as a freely flowing fluid within the high‐Z solid matrix. Solidification of the low‐Z species is correlated with the coupling between the two components. Using the Widom expansion method, we compute the plasma screening enhancement of the nuclear reaction rates for Z = 1 in a high‐Z matrix. We also provide some estimates of the coefficient of binary diffusion in the mixture. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

强奇异积分算子的多线性交换子的Sharp极大函数估计和连续性

本文对由强奇异积分算子和加权Lipschitz函数生成的多线性交换子证明了其sharp极大函数估计,作为应用,得到了该多线性交换子的连续性.     

Intriguing sets in partial quadrangles

The point‐line geometry known as a partial quadrangle (introduced by Cameron in 1975) has the property that for every point/line non‐incident pair (P, ?), there is at most one line through P concurrent with ?. So in particular, the well‐studied objects known as generalized quadrangles are each partial quadrangles. An intriguing set of a generalized quadrangle is a set of points which induces an equitable partition of size two of the underlying strongly regular graph. We extend the theory of intriguing sets of generalized quadrangles by Bamberg, Law and Penttila to partial quadrangles, which gives insight into the structure of hemisystems and other intriguing sets of generalized quadrangles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 19:217‐245, 2011