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51.
分析了测量圆柱体弯曲形变杨氏模量的实验原理,得出了理论公式,将测量拉压形变、弯曲形变的杨氏模量以及扭转形变的剪切模量3个实验中样品形状统一成圆柱体. 相似文献
52.
When the stagnation temperature of a perfect gas increases, the specific heats and their ratio do not remain constant any
more and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect and its state equation always remains valid, except
it will be called a calorically imperfect gas. The aim of this research is to develop the relations of the necessary thermodynamics
and geometrical ratios and to study the supersonic flow at high temperature (lower than the threshold of dissociation). The
results are found by the resolution of nonlinear algebraic equations and integration of complex analytical functions where
the exact calculation is impossible. The dichotomy method is used to solve the nonlinear equation, and the Simpson algorithm
is used for the numerical integration of the found integrals. A condensation of the nodes is used, since the functions to
be integrated have a high gradient at the extremity of the interval of integration. A comparison is made with a calorifcally
perfect gas to determine the error of this. An application is made for air in a supersonic nozzle.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
53.
This paper presents a local domain‐free discretization (DFD) method for the simulation of unsteady flows over moving bodies governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The discretization strategy of DFD is that the discrete form of partial differential equations at an interior point may involve some points outside the solution domain. All the mesh points are classified as interior points, exterior dependent points and exterior independent points. The functional values at the exterior dependent points are updated at each time step by the approximate form of solution near the boundary. When the body is moving, only the status of points is changed and the mesh can stay fixed. The issue of ‘freshly cleared nodes/cells’ encountered in usual sharp interface methods does not pose any particular difficulty in the presented method. The Galerkin finite‐element approximation is used for spatial discretization, and the discrete equations are integrated in time via a dual‐time‐stepping scheme based on artificial compressibility. In order to validate the present method for moving‐boundary flow problems, two groups of flow phenomena have been simulated: (1) flows over a fixed circular cylinder, a harmonic in‐line oscillating cylinder in fluid at rest and a transversely oscillating cylinder in uniform flow; (2) flows over a pure pitching airfoil, a heaving–pitching airfoil and a deforming airfoil. The predictions show good agreement with the published numerical results or experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
54.
Norio Kondo 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2012,70(2):158-185
We present numerical results for in‐line and cross‐flow vibrations of a circular cylinder, which is immersed in a uniform flow and is elastically supported by damper‐spring systems to compute vibrations of a rigid cylinder. In the case of a circular cylinder with a low Scruton number, it is well‐known that two types of self‐excited vibrations appear in the in‐line direction in the range of low reduced velocities. On the other hand, a cross‐flow vibration of the circular cylinder can be excited in the range of high reduced velocities. Therefore, we compute the flow‐induced vibrations of the circular cylinder in the wide range of the reduced velocities at low and high Scruton numbers and discuss about excitation mechanisms in the in‐line and cross‐flow directions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
Numerical dispersion of two-dimensional finite elements was studied. The outcome of the dispersion study was verified by the numerical and analytical solutions to the longitudinal impact of two long cylindrical bars. In accordance with the results of the dispersion analysis it was demonstrated that the quadratic elements showed better accuracy than the linear ones. 相似文献
56.
The present paper focuses on the analysis of two- and three-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder in different laminar flow regimes. In this simulation, an implicit pressure-based finite volume method is used for time-accurate computation of incompressible flow using second order accurate convective flux discretisation schemes. The computation results are validated against measurement data for mean surface pressure, skin friction coefficients, the size and strength of the recirculating wake for the steady flow regime and also for the Strouhal frequency of vortex shedding and the mean and RMS amplitude of the fluctuating aerodynamic coefficients for the unsteady periodic flow regime. The complex three dimensional flow structure of the cylinder wake is also reasonably captured by the present prediction procedure. 相似文献
57.
This paper presents two‐dimensional and unsteady RANS computations of time dependent, periodic, turbulent flow around a square block. Two turbulence models are used: the Launder–Sharma low‐Reynolds number k–ε model and a non‐linear extension sensitive to the anisotropy of turbulence. The Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity and obstacle side is Re=2.2×104. The present numerical results have been obtained using a finite volume code that solves the governing equations in a vertical plane, located at the lateral mid‐point of the channel. The pressure field is obtained with the SIMPLE algorithm. A bounded version of the third‐order QUICK scheme is used for the convective terms. Comparisons of the numerical results with the experimental data indicate that a preliminary steady solution of the governing equations using the linear k–ε does not lead to correct flow field predictions in the wake region downstream of the square cylinder. Consequently, the time derivatives of dependent variables are included in the transport equations and are discretized using the second‐order Crank–Nicolson scheme. The unsteady computations using the linear and non‐linear k–ε models significantly improve the velocity field predictions. However, the linear k–ε shows a number of predictive deficiencies, even in unsteady flow computations, especially in the prediction of the turbulence field. The introduction of a non‐linear k–ε model brings the two‐dimensional unsteady predictions of the time‐averaged velocity and turbulence fields and also the predicted values of the global parameters such as the Strouhal number and the drag coefficient to close agreement with the data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
椭圆柱电缆单位长度的自感计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用复数坐标系z上的儒可夫斯基变换,计算长直椭圆柱电缆单位长度的自感,并对结果进行讨论. 相似文献
59.
Using filament stretching rheometry to predict strand formation and “processability” in adhesives and other non-Newtonian fluids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spinning of polymeric fibers, the processing of numerous foodstuffs and the peel and tack characteristics of adhesives
are all associated with the formation, stability and, ultimately, the longevity of thin fluid `strands'. This tendency to
form strands is usually described in terms of the tackiness of the fluid or by heuristic concepts such as `stringiness' (Lakrout
et al. J Adhesion 1999). The dynamics of such processes are complicated due to spatially and temporally non-homogeneous growth
of extensional stresses, the action of capillary forces and the evaporation of volatile solvents. We describe the development
and application of a simple instrument referred to as a microfilament rheometer (MFR) that can be used to readily differentiate
between the dynamical response of different pressure-sensitive adhesive fluid formulations. The device relies on a quantitative
observation of the rate of extensional thinning or `necking' of a thin viscous or viscoelastic fluid filament in which the
solvent is free to evaporate across the free surface. This high-resolution measurement of the radial profile provides a direct
indication of the ultimate time to break up of the fluid filament. This critical time is a sensitive function of the rheological
properties of the fluid and the mass transfer characteristics of the solvent, and can be conveniently reported in terms of
a new dimensionless quantity we refer to as a processability parameter P. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique by presenting our results in the form of a case study in which we measure
the visco-elasto-capillary thinning of slender liquid filaments for a number of different commercial polymer/solvent formulations
and relate this to the reported processing performance of the materials. We also compare the MFR observations with the prediction
of a simple 1D theory derived from the governing equations that model the capillary thinning of an adhesive filament.
Received: 22 December 1999/Accepted: 4 January 2000 相似文献
60.
Chu‐Chang Chen Fuh‐Min Fang Yi‐Chao Li Long‐Ming Huang Cheng‐Yang Chung 《国际流体数值方法杂志》2009,60(1):79-93
The unsteady forces on a square cylinder in sinusoidally oscillating flows with non‐zero‐mean velocities are investigated numerically by using a weakly compressible‐flow method with three‐dimensional large eddy simulations. The major parameters in the analysis are Keulegan–Carpenter number (KC) and the ratio between the amplitude and the mean velocities of the approaching flow (AR). By varying the values of KC and AR the resulting drag and lift of the cylinders are analyzed systematically at two selected approaching‐flow attack angles (0 and 22.5°). In the case of the non‐zero attack angle, results show that both the drag and lift histories can be adequately described by Morison equations. However, Morison equations fail to correctly describing the lift history as the attack angle is zero. In addition, when the ratio of AR/KC is near the Strouhal number of the bluff‐body flow, the resulting drag is promoted due to the occurrence of resonance. Based on the results of systematic analyses, finally, the mean and inertia force coefficients at the two selected attack angles are presented as functions of KC and AR based on the Morison relationships. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献