The reflection and diffraction of a planar shock wave around a circular cylinder are a typical problem of the complex nonlinear
shock wave phenomena in literature. It has long been studied experimentally, analytically as well as numerically. Takayama
in 1987 obtained clear experimental pictures of isopycnics in shock tube under the condition that the impinging shock wave
propagates as far as 3 diameters away from the cylinder. To know more completely the whole unsteady process, it is desirable
to get experimental results in a region which is more than 10 diameters away from the cylinder. This is what has been done
in this paper by using the pulsed laser holographic interferometry for several shock Mach numbers of the impinging shock.
Results for several moments are shown, giving more knowledge about the whole unsteady flow field. This is useful for a reliable
and complete understanding of the changing force acting on the cylinder, and provides interesting data to check the performance
of many recently developed high resolution numerical methods for unsteady shock wave calculation.
The project suported partially by National Natural Science Foundation of China 相似文献
The heat transfer from a rotating cylinder in an air-cross flow was investigated by purely optical measuring techniques. Flow velocities were measured by a two-dimensional LDV both in the vicinity of the cylinder and in the boundary layer. A new optical device based on light-deflection in a temperature field was developed to examine local temperature gradients in the boundary layer of the rotating cylinder. Finally, a Michelson-interferometer was installed to produce real-time pictures of isothermal lines around the heated cylinder. The impact of rotation on flow patterns, boundary layer behaviour and heat transfer could be clearly identified. It appears that the velocity-ratio acts like an independent parameter, in that flow patterns correspond to this dimensionless number. Furthermore, it seems that rotation dominates over cross flow, both fluid-dynamically and thermally above = 2.This work was carried out at the University of the Federal Armed Forces in Munich/Germany. 相似文献
All metallic, hollow sandwich cylinders having ultralight two-dimensional (2D) prismatic cores are optimally designed for maximum thermo-mechanical performance at minimum mass. The heated cylinder is subjected to uniform internal pressure and actively cooled by forced air convection. The use of two different core topologies is exploited: square- and triangular-celled cores. The minimum mass design model is so defined that three failure modes are prevented: facesheet yielding, core member yielding, and core member buckling. The intersection-of-asymptotes method, in conjunction with the fin analogy model, is employed to build the optimization model for maximum heat transfer rate. A non-dimensional parameter is introduced to couple the two objectives—structural and thermal—in a single cost function. It is found that the geometry corresponding to maximum heat transfer rate is not unique, and square-celled core sandwich cylinders outperform those having triangular cells. The eight-layered sandwich cylinders with square cells have the best overall performance in comparison with other core topologies. Whilst a sandwich cylinder with shorter length is preferred for enhanced thermo-mechanical performance, the influence of the outer radius of the cylinder is rather weak. 相似文献
A biaxial stretching equipment was designed and constructed to enable fundamental studies of the relationship between film processing conditions and structures of oriented film products. With programmable drive motors and scissorlike mechanism, all stretching modes, including uniaxial stretching with constant and free width, simultaneous and sequential biaxial stretching, can be applied to a square-shaped sheet. Parameters related to film stretching manufacturing, such as temperature, draw ratio and stretching speed can be set independently to meet the requirement of different polymers. The force information during stretching is recorded by two miniature tension sensors in two directions independently, which can monitor the mechanical stimulus and stress response. Using this equipment, experiments are conducted to investigate the influence of stretching parameters on the structure of polypropylene films, which provides an effective method to tailor the processing conditions to obtain the films with desired properties. 相似文献
Polydisperse linear polymers are studied in startup of steady shear flow simulations using dissipative particle dynamics. The results show that with an increase in polydispersity the stress overshoot declines while the steady‐state stress increases. Various physical characteristics of the systems are studied including frequency of nonbonded interactions, gyration radius data, flow alignment angles, and average bond lengths. The patterns in the data suggest higher forces are necessary to orient and stretch long chain fractions in the flow direction. Relaxation modulus data prove the broad range of relaxation mechanisms in polydisperse systems. Linear viscoelasticity theory is used to quantify the relaxation spectrum. The results indicate an increase in the longest relaxation time in systems with higher polydispersity. The steady‐state shear viscosity results show higher viscosities with an increase in polydispersity at all shear‐rates. The good agreement of the characteristic behaviors of modeled polydisperse polymers with experiments is encouraging for future work.
In this paper, 3-dimensional non-axisymmetrical deformation analyses for finite hollow circular cylinders have been carried
out by Pickett's double series expansion method[1]. Through expanding the displacement potentials as the sum of fourier series and Fourier-Bessel series, we could express the
coefficients of one series by those of another under certain boundary conditions. Thus, a set of linear algebraic equations
were derived. Solving these equations, we could obtain the solutions of the problems. Numerical examples have been given to
show that the method presented here is workable for practical applications. 相似文献