Single-Stage Extraction and Separation of Co2+ from Ni2+ Using Ionic Liquid of [C4H9NH3][Cyanex 272]

The purpose of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions for separating Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ using N-butylamine phosphinate ionic liquid of [C₄H₉NH₃][Cyanex 272]. A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of the initial pH, extraction time, and extraction temperature on the separation factor of Co²⁺ from sulfuric acid solution containing Ni²⁺. The concentrations of Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in an aqueous solution were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: an initial pH of 3.7, an extraction time of 55.8 min, and an extraction temperature of 330.4 K. The separation factor of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺ under optimized extraction conditions was 66.1, which was very close to the predicted value of 67.2, and the error was 1.7%. The equation for single-stage extraction with high reliability can be used for optimizing the multi-stage extraction process of Co²⁺ from Ni²⁺. The stoichiometry of chemical reaction for ion-exchange extraction was also investigated using the slope method.     

Proteome Analysis of Aflibercept Intervention in Experimental Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Aflibercept is a frequently used inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the treatment of macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Retinal proteome changes following aflibercept intervention in CRVO remain largely unstudied. Studying proteomic changes of aflibercept intervention may generate a better understanding of mechanisms of action and uncover aspects related to the safety profile. In 10 Danish Landrace pigs, CRVO was induced in both eyes with an argon laser. Right eyes were treated with intravitreal aflibercept while left control eyes received isotonic saline water. Retinal samples were collected 15 days after induced CRVO. Proteomic analysis by tandem mass tag-based mass spectrometry identified a total of 21 proteins that were changed in content following aflibercept intervention. In retinas treated with aflibercept, high levels of aflibercept components were reached, including the VEGF receptor-1 and VEGF receptor-2 domains. Fold changes in the additional proteins ranged between 0.70 and 1.19. Aflibercept intervention resulted in a downregulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) (fold change = 0.84) and endoplasmin (fold change = 0.91). The changes were slight and could thereby not be confirmed with less precise immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Our data suggest that aflibercept had a narrow mechanism of action in the CRVO model. This may be an important observation in cases when macular edema secondary to CRVO is resistant to aflibercept intervention.     

监管技术巨头：技术力量作为市场支配地位认定因素之再审视

如何有效规制技术巨头已然成为当前《反垄断法》修订的重要任务。技术力量虽然作为传统的市场支配地位认定要素,但长期以来呈现被虚置化的客观状态,致使技术巨头市场支配地位的认定难度增大,技术力量自身的传导效应被显著低估。数字技术对市场竞争的影响异于以往,其通过平台、数据、算法的数字市场三维结构框架影响生产与交易的全过程。技术与三维结构结合所形成的技术力量极为强大,超越了以控制价格为主的传统市场力量,结合社会与资本力量形成了更牢固的市场固化结构。在判断技术巨头的市场支配地位时,亟需发挥技术力量作为非价格型认定要素的重要作用。应当摒弃虚置技术力量作为市场支配地位认定要素的固有症结,提高技术力量在认定市场支配地位时所占权重,回归结构性视角,妥善防范技术巨头无序扩张。     

随机波动率模型下含违约风险的欧式衍生产品的套期保值

研究了含违约风险的欧式未定权益的最优套期保值问题. 假定含违约风险衍生产品的标的资产满足Heston随机波动率模型, 则利用局部风险最小化方法获得含违约风险衍生产品的最优套期保值策略. 此外, 还考虑了在一个特别情况下, 研究了含违约风险的欧式看涨期权的最优套期保值问题, 并通过特征函数和傅里叶反演公式给出了明确的局部风险最小化套期保值策略.     

芳烃混合物的三维荧光光谱的降秩因子分析

本文介绍了降秩因子（ＲＡＦＡ）方法，它是从一个多组分混合物中直接定量计算其中某一组分，而不必知道其他组分的物种及含量的一种定量分析的数学方法。它适用于双线性的数据。本实验首先将荧光分光光度计与外接计算机相连，以获得样品的激发－发射矩阵（ＥＥＭ），再用ＲＡＦＡ方法对蒽，萘，菲，芘，芴，Ｑｕ六种标样的一至五组分的混合物进行定量分析，获得满意的结果。     

Chaotic resonance: A simulation

Stochastic resonance is a statistical phenomenon that has been observed in periodically modulated, noise-driven, bistable systems. The characteristic signatures of the effect include an increase in the signal-to-noise of the output as noise is added to the system, and exponentially decreasing peaks in the probability density as a function of residence times in one state. Presented are the results of a numerical simulation where these same signatures were observed by adding achaotic driving term instead of a white noise term. Although the probability distributions of the noise and chaos inputs were significantly different, the stochastic and chaotic resonances were equal within the experimental error.     

Maximal Lyapunov exponent and rotation numbers for two coupled oscillators driven by real noise

Asymptotic expansions for the exponential growth rate, known as the Lyapunov exponent, and rotation numbers for two coupled oscillators driven by real noise are constructed. Such systems arise naturally in the investigation of the stability of steady-state motions of nonlinear dynamical systems and in parametrically excited linear mechanical systems. Almost-sure stability or instability of dynamical systems depends on the sign of the maximal Lyapunov exponent. Stability conditions are obtained under various assumptions on the infinitesimal generator associated with real noise provided that the natural frequencies are noncommensurable. The results presented here for the case of the infinitesimal generator having a simple zero eigenvalue agree with recent results obtained by stochastic averaging, where approximate ItÔ equations in amplitudes and phases are obtained in the sense of weak convergence.Dedicated to Thomas K. Caughey on the occasion of his 65th birthday.     

基于伽马模型的中等收入定位与人口度量模型研究

主要运用Gamma分布模型刻画收入分配结构及描述洛伦兹曲线, 较好地反映了社会收入分配的公平程度. 利用随机模拟和最大似然方法求得Gamma分布的参数估计, 同时对收入空间法和人口空间法进行了改进, 并将改进的方法对实际数据进行处理, 得到了针对每组数据的中等收入区间.     

外部工况对轮胎翘曲的定量影响研究

针对轮胎接地区域出现的翘曲现象, 提出了翘曲指数的概念; 建立205/55R16型半钢子午线轮胎的有限元模型, 在稳态滚动工况下, 采用单变量法分析了载荷、气压、速度、摩擦因子等外部因素对翘曲现象的影响, 量化了各种因素下翘曲现象的变化规律. 结果表明: 翘曲指数随垂直载荷和摩擦系数的增大而增强, 随充气压力和滚动速度的增大而减小; 影响轮胎翘曲指数的主次因素依次为垂向载荷、充气压力、滚动速度和摩擦系数. 研究成果可为提高车辆操控性和减少轮胎磨损提供参考.     

Bernoulli泛函空间中广义计数算子的表示

得到离散时间正规鞅平方可积泛函空间L^{\mathrm{2}}(M)中广义计数算子N_h的5种表示：（1）量子Bernoulli噪声（quantum Bernoulli noises,QBN）\{{?}_k,{?}_k^{\mathrm{*}};k\ge \mathrm{0}\}的加权表示;（2）N_h的谱表示,广义计数算子N_h以h-计数测度{\#}_h的值域为其点谱;（3）N_h的“对角化”表示,N_h可表示为L^{\mathrm{2}}(M)的标准正交基\{Z_{\sigma };\sigma \in \mathrm{\Gamma }\}所生成的一维对角化正交投影算子的加权极限;（4）广义Skorohod积分-广义随机梯度表示,N_h可表示为互共轭算子{\delta }_h和{?}_h的复合算子;（5）对\mathbf{N}上的任意非负函数h,可构造一列有界广义计数算子,N_h恰为该有界广义计数算子的强极限,当h可和时,N_h为该有界广义计数算子的一致极限。