物理实验教学改革初探

本文从物理实验在培养科技人才中的重要地位出发，为了提高教学质量，改善教学效果，提出了一种物理实验教学方法的新模式。     

Equivalence of Many-Photon Green's Functions in the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau and Klein–Gordon–Fock Statistical Quantum Field Theories

Using the functional integral formalism for the statistical generating functional in the statistical (finite temperature) quantum field theory, we prove the equivalence of many-photon Green's functions in the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau and Klein–Gordon–Fock statistical quantum field theories. As an illustration, we calculate the one-loop polarization operators in both theories and demonstrate their coincidence.     

物理学新技术与生命科学前沿研究

物理学新技术对现代生命科学取得的巨大成就发挥了极其重要的作用；生命科学和医学的需要又促进了物理新技术和仪器的发展。本文介绍了在生命科学一些前沿研究领域中应用物理学新技术取得的成果，并展望了21世纪的发展前景，包括：单分子动力学、结构生物学、纳米技术和生物技术、分子细胞信息学、脑科学和神经信息学。     

Systematics of fragment observables

Multifragmentation is observed in many reaction types: light-ion-induced reactions at large incident energies (in the GeV region), central heavy-ion collisions from 30 to 100MeV/u, and peripheral heavy-ion collisions between 30 and 1000MeV/u or above. When nucleus-nucleus collisions are considered, another entrance channel parameter is the corresponding mass asymmetry. The first question which is addressed in this contribution is: do we observe similar reactions in each case? Multifragmentation may be related to a phase transition of nuclear matter. Some others features indicate that dynamical features are dominant. It is a priori possible that the underlying mechanisms are different in proton- and nucleus-induced reactions, in central and in peripheral collisions, at limited and at large bombarding energies. In order to see to what extent they can reflect similar behaviour, it is useful to compare the results of various reactions. The observables can be the fragment multiplicity, the mass distributions or the kinematical properties. In this contribution, we are looking for such general features. We will limit the discussion to the observations themselves, rather than the interpretation, which is the subject of numerous entries in this volume. The experimental results indicate that multifragmentation exhibits at the same time universal and entrance-channel-dependent properties.     

Calculation of the Canonical Rate Constant for the Nonadiabatic Trapping Model Based on Unified Statistical Theory:A Test on The Exchange Reaction H_2 H

IntroductionTheunifiedstatisticaltheory(UST)proposedbyMiller'isappropriatefordescribingdirectcomPlexreachonmechanismsand,especially,thenonadiabahctraPPingmodel.ThelatterisunrelatedtotheInindriaonthepotenhalenergysurface(PES),butrelatedtomulh-dividingsurfaces.ThedetenninahonofdividingsuifacescorrespondingtotherelahveInindriaorrelativemaxdriaofthefluxintegral(N(E,S))playsthecentralroleinUST.ThedividingsurfacesaregenerallyandrigorouslydefmedbyandcrocanonicalvariahonalmethodofN(E,S)onthee…     

核物理学对高技术发展的基础性作用

文章介绍了核物理学与基础科学、高技术、国家安全和基础教育的关系，特别是在促进高技术的形成和发展方面所起到的至关重要的作用．文章提出，必须重视对基础科学的学习和研究，不能忽视更不能简单地以当时基础科学是否有用来衡量其价值．     

Estimation of the possibility of using dynamic spectroscopy to analyze biological scattering media

An attempt was made to extend the field of application of the methods of dynamic spectroscopy to analyze media with a large volume content of scatterers. It is shown that under conditions of multiple scattering the temporal spectrum S(w) depends not only on the dimensions of the scatterers, but also on their optical characteristics. A correlation dependence between the width of the temporal spectrum S(w) and the dimensions of aggregates of erythrocytes has been established. The existence of a correlation between the width of the temporal spectrum S(w) and important clinical characteristics of blood, such as the erythrocyte settling rate and the concentration of lipoproteins, has been found. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 97–102, January–February, 1997.     

静态球对称黑洞Dirac场的Stefan-Boltzmann定律

利用静态球对称黑洞Dirac场的统计熵，导出静态球对称黑洞的Stefan-Boltzmann定律，得 到黑洞的辐出度与视界温度的四次方成正比的结论.发现Stefan-Boltzmann常数不同于平直 时空的值，并且在不同时空度规中该常数有不同的值. 关键词： 黑洞 统计熵 薄层模型 辐出度     

贝叶斯对数线性估计

用Logits变换方法来讨论列联表的贝叶期估计，这时的估计称为贝叶斯对数线性估计，最早是由Lconard（1973，1975）提出的．Leonard讨论了二维表的对数线性贝叶斯估计；其后，Nazerat（1987）给出了三维表的贝叶斯对数线性估计．该文采用矩阵求微商方法，立足于高维表贝叶斯线性估计的较一般的表达形式；具体对四维表讨论员叶斯对数线性估计的表达和计算．     

Dynamic critical properties of a one-dimensional probabilistic cellular automaton

Dynamic properties of a one-dimensional probabilistic cellular automaton are studied by Monte Carlo simulation near a critical point which marks a second-order phase transition from an active state to an effectively unique absorbing state. Values obtained for the dynamic critical exponents indicate that the transition belongs to the universality class of directed percolation. Finally the model is compared with a previously studied one to show that a difference in the nature of the absorbing states places them in different universality classes. Received: 6 February 1998 / Revised and Accepted: 17 February 1998