极不均匀电场下重复频率纳秒脉冲气体击穿实验研究

 实验研究了尖-板电极中,不同重复频率（10,100,500,1 000 Hz）、不同间隙(0.5,1 cm),不同气压（0.1～0.4 MPa）等条件下空气的绝缘特性。得到了击穿时延、重复频率耐受时间、施加脉冲个数等与施加电压、重复频率的关系。研究发现：在该实验条件下击穿时延随着场强与气压的比值减小而增加,但重频耐受时间和脉冲击穿个数并没有明显变化;随着重复频率的提高,击穿时延和重频耐受时间会减小,但脉冲击穿个数可能会增加;且重复频率条件下击穿的极性效应不明显;重复施加的脉冲产生大量的亚稳态粒子和残余电荷影响放电的发展过程;负离子的脱负或正离子碰撞阴极的过程,及亚稳态粒子的去激励作用给击穿提供了有效初始电子。     

掺杂光子晶体光纤自发辐射与掺杂激活杂质的光增益透射谱研究

借助光子晶体中二能级原子的自发辐射理论证明缺陷态的局域场存在的必然性以及局域场基本性质,为研究光子晶体光纤掺杂自发辐射的内在规律提供了理论依据。且将自发辐射理论与数值模拟相结合,在缺陷介质中掺激活杂质时,研究了光子晶体光纤的掺杂局域场特征以及受激辐射增强和透射率大于1现象与光子带隙群速度异常和掺杂层复有效折射率成负的虚部之间的内在关系。由此说明光子晶体光纤的缺陷介质中掺入激活杂质时,光子禁带中能出现品质因子非常高的杂质态,具有很大的态密度,较强的受激辐射放大。     

高分子网络凝胶法制备ZnO超细粉体及其光学性能

采用高分子网络凝胶法制备球形ZnO超细粉体。通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)亚浓溶液交联网络的空间位阻作用,经过烧结,获得了具有球形形貌的粒径为1~3μm的ZnO粉体颗粒。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析了不同PVA浓度以及退火温度对产物形貌、结构的影响,发现在PVA溶液浓度为5%,并且经500℃热处理所形成的ZnO球形颗粒最为均匀规整。研究了球形ZnO粉体的光致发光性能,室温下经325nm波长激发,观察到两个中心波长分别位于407,468nm的微弱的荧光发射带,在合适温度下,在385nm处还出现了较强的紫外峰。PL光谱表明,退火温度对ZnO的光致发光影响较大,随着退火温度升高,由于表面缺陷和结晶性能发生变化,407nm处发射峰逐渐减弱消失,而紫外发光先增强后减弱,经500℃热处理样品的紫外发光性能达到最佳。     

偏应力对材料层裂强度影响的实验研究

 采用热装配方法对平面样品施加径向应力,获得不同程度的偏应力,通过轻气炮实验获得了不同预应力下LY12铝合金层裂信号,结果表明：即使在相同撞击速度下,材料的层裂强度差异也发生明显变化。偏应力越大,材料的层裂强度越小,由于不同的球面层裂具有不同的偏应力场,通过本实验方法有可能将球面层裂与一维平变下的层裂联系起来。     

基于霍夫变换的球状TEM图像的识别方法

介绍霍夫变换原理以及球状图像的检测过程，利用Matlab软件设计程序识别球状TEM图像，通过实例说明，利用霍夫变换找圆算法可以实现对TEM图像中圆形粒子大小以及位置进行识别。     

Ultracold Bosons on a Regular Spherical Mesh

Here, the zero-temperature phase behavior of bosonic particles living on the nodes of a regular spherical mesh (“Platonic mesh”) and interacting through an extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian has been studied. Only the hard-core version of the model for two instances of Platonic mesh is considered here. Using the mean-field decoupling approximation, it is shown that the system may exist in various ground states, which can be regarded as analogs of gas, solid, supersolid, and superfluid. For one mesh, by comparing the theoretical results with the outcome of numerical diagonalization, I manage to uncover the signatures of diagonal and off-diagonal spatial orders in a finite quantum system.     

Synthesis and properties of a glucono-δ-lactone-modified silicone surfactant from high-amine-value amodimethicone

Abstract

High-amine-value aminopropyl polysiloxanes (APSO) were designed and synthesized via two different methods. APSO was then aminated with glucono-δ-lactone (GL) to produce sugar-modified amodimethicone (GLAP). The properties of GLAP were investigated systematically. GLAP has a low critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and displays low surface tensions at CAC (γ_CAC). GLAP forms spherical aggregates in solution. Formation of micelles and adsorption at the air-water interface are spontaneous. Moreover, its good solubility and excellent wetting properties make GLAP a potential candidate for application in paints, coatings, and agricultural adjuvants.     

Recent Advances and Optoelectronic Applications of Lead-Free Halide Double Perovskites

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (most notably CH₃NH₃PbI₃) have demonstrated remarkable physical attributes for photovoltaic and diverse optoelectronic applications, whereas concerns about toxicity owing to the use of lead in the chemical composition still motivate further exploration of new, nontoxic candidates. Lead-free halide double perovskites (HDPs), designed by the rational chemical substitution of Pb²⁺ with other nontoxic candidate elements, have recently attracted interest as a fascinating alternative to their Pb-based counterparts. Herein, recent advances in crystal structures, physical properties, and versatile optoelectronic applications of lead-free HDPs, such as solar cells, photodetectors, X-ray detectors, and light-emitting diodes, are reviewed. Perspectives to improve the physical and photoelectric properties of existing HDP materials are also discussed and will favor future development of new, lead-free HDP candidates.     

Radiation forces of a focused partially coherent flattened vortex beam on a Rayleigh spherical particle

A focused partially coherent flattened vortex beam used to trap a Rayleigh dielectric spherical particle with relative refractive index p < 1 is studied. The dependence of radiation forces (RFs) on the beam order N, waist width w₀, correlation length σ₀, particle radius a and focal length f is analyzed and illustrated by numerical examples. By a suitable choice of N, w₀, σ₀ and f a stable trap of the Rayleigh particle is achievable. In particular, there exist critical values w0,c, σ_0,c for a partially coherent flattened vortex beam the particle can be trapped by the beam with w₀ less than w0,c and σ₀ larger than σ_0,c. A comparison with the previous work is made.     

New Solids in As-O-Mo,As(P)-O-Mo(W) and As(P)-O-Nb(W) Systems That Exhibit Nonlinear Optical Properties

Interactions between well-mixed fine powders of As₂O₃, P₂O₅, MoO₃, WO₃ and Nb₂O₅ at different stoichiometry in quartz ampoules under vacuum at ~1000 °C in the presence of metallic molybdenum (or niobium), over several weeks, led to shiny dichroic crystalline materials being formed in cooler parts of the reaction vessel. An addition of small quantities of metals-Mo or Nb-was made with the aim of partially reducing their highly oxidized Mo(VI), W(VI) or Nb(V) species to corresponding Mo(V), W(V) and Nb(IV) centers, in order to form mixed valence solids. Sublimed crystals of four new compounds were investigated using a variety of techniques, with prime emphasis on the X-ray analysis, followed by spectroscopy (diffusion reflectance, IR, Raman and EPR), second harmonic generation (SHG), thermal analysis under N₂ and air atmosphere, and single crystals electrical conductivity studies. The results evidenced the formation of new complex solids of previously unknown compositions and structures. Three out of four compounds crystallized in non-centrosymmetric space groups and represent layered 2D polymeric puckered structures that being stacked on each other form 3D lattices. All new solids exhibit strong second-harmonic-generation (SHG effect; based on YAG 1064 nm tests with detection of 532 nm photons), and a rare photosalient effect when crystals physically move in the laser beam. Single crystals’ electrical conductivity of the four new synthesized compounds was measured, and the results showed their semiconductor behavior. Values of band gaps of these new solids were determined using diffusion reflectance spectroscopy in the visible region. Aspects of new solids’ practical usefulness are discussed.